Adsorption Behavior and Relative Distribution of Cd2+ Adsorption Mechanisms by the Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Biochars Derived from Chicken Manure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Biochar Preparation and Characteristics
2.2. Adsorption Experiments
2.3. The Contribution of Different Adsorption Mechanisms
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Biochar Properties
3.2. Adsorption Characteristics
3.2.1. pH Adsorption Edge
3.2.2. Adsorption Kinetics
3.2.3. Adsorption Isotherms
3.2.4. Adsorption Thermodynamic
3.2.5. Magnetic Separation of M-CMB
3.3. Adsorption Mechanisms
3.3.1. Metal Precipitation
3.3.2. Surface Complexation
3.3.3. Cπ-Coordination
3.3.4. Ion-Exchange
3.4. Relative Distribution of Adsorption Mechanisms
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Biochar | pH | pHpzc | Ash (%) | SBET (m2/g) | Fe (mg/g) | Magnetism (emu/g) | Elemental Content (%) | Atomic Ratio | Soluble Ions Content (mg/g) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | H | O | N | S | H/C | O/C | K+ | Ca2+ | Na+ | Mg2+ | CO32− | PO43− | |||||||
CMB | 11.43 | 2.18 | 78.64 | 25.56 | — | — | 11.35 | 1.07 | 23.07 | 0.89 | 0.25 | 1.13 | 1.52 | 8.37 | 0.30 | 3.34 | 0.02 | 1.19 | 0.03 |
M-CMB | 11.55 | 2.44 | 86.64 | 5.44 | 10.82 | 64.96 | 3.17 | 0.37 | 15.93 | 0.72 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 3.77 | 5.71 | 0.02 | 0.52 | 0.01 | 0.63 | 0.01 |
Biochar | ∆G0 (kJ mol−1) | ∆H0 (kJ mol−1) | ∆S0 (kJ mol−1 K−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
293 K | 303 K | 313 K | |||
CMB | −32.37 | −35.63 | −36.29 | 25.54 | 0.20 |
M-CMB | −25.11 | −36.42 | −31.63 | 73.05 | 0.34 |
Biochar | Initial pH | Final pH | △H+(10−6 mmol) | Qe (mg/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CMB | 5.96 ± 0.02 | 3.87 ± 0.01 | 134 ± 0.06 | 2.13 ± 0.02 |
M-CMB | 5.02 ± 0.01 | 4.36 ± 0.02 | 34.1 ± 0.18 | 1.26 ± 0.01 |
Biochar | The Net Amount of Released Cations (mequiv/g) | Sum | Overall Adsorbed Cd2+(mg/g) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K+ | Ca2+ | Na+ | Mg2+ | |||
CMB | 14.43 ± 0.26 | 9.58 ± 0.38 | 7.10 ± 1.73 | 2.41 ± 0.07 | 33.52 ± 1.83 | 22.75 ± 0.88 |
M-CMB | 7.90 ± 0.13 | 1.74 ± 0.08 | 4.11 ± 0.10 | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 14.01 ± 0.08 | 8.01 ± 0.06 |
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Huang, F.; Zhang, L.; Wu, R.-R.; Zhang, S.-M.; Xiao, R.-B. Adsorption Behavior and Relative Distribution of Cd2+ Adsorption Mechanisms by the Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Biochars Derived from Chicken Manure. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051602
Huang F, Zhang L, Wu R-R, Zhang S-M, Xiao R-B. Adsorption Behavior and Relative Distribution of Cd2+ Adsorption Mechanisms by the Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Biochars Derived from Chicken Manure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(5):1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051602
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Fei, Lu Zhang, Ren-Ren Wu, Si-Ming Zhang, and Rong-Bo Xiao. 2020. "Adsorption Behavior and Relative Distribution of Cd2+ Adsorption Mechanisms by the Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Biochars Derived from Chicken Manure" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1602. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051602