The Association of Maternal Accompaniment at Family Dinners and Depressive Symptoms of Korean Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Strengths and Limitations of This Study
6. Conclusion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | N | % | Depressive Symptoms | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | ||||||
N | % | N | % | ||||
2183 | 100.0 | 2009 | 92.0 | 174 | 8.0 | ||
Family dinner | 0.042 | ||||||
Not accompanied by mother/child | 1043 | 47.8 | 947 | 90.8 | 96 | 9.2 | |
Accompanied by mother/child | 1140 | 52.2 | 1062 | 93.2 | 78 | 6.8 | |
Offspring Factors | |||||||
Adolescent’s age (Mean ± S.D.) | 14.5 ± 1.9 | 14.4 ± 1.9 | 14.6 ± 1.9 | 0.233 | |||
12–15 | 1490 | 68.3 | 1374 | 92.2 | 116 | 7.8 | 0.639 |
16 or above | 693 | 31.8 | 635 | 91.6 | 58 | 8.4 | |
Adolescent’s sex | |||||||
Male | 1154 | 52.9 | 1071 | 92.8 | 83 | 7.2 | 0.155 |
Female | 1029 | 47.1 | 938 | 91.2 | 91 | 8.8 | |
Limitation of activity | |||||||
Limited activity | 58 | 2.7 | 50 | 86.2 | 8 | 13.8 | 0.097 |
Activity not limited | 2125 | 97.3 | 1959 | 92.2 | 166 | 7.8 | |
Subjective body cognition | |||||||
Underweight | 547 | 25.1 | 508 | 92.9 | 39 | 7.1 | 0.187 |
Normal | 943 | 43.2 | 874 | 92.7 | 69 | 7.3 | |
Overweight | 693 | 31.8 | 627 | 90.5 | 66 | 9.5 | |
Dietary condition | |||||||
Ample amount of various food | 969 | 44.4 | 888 | 91.6 | 81 | 8.4 | 0.814 |
Ample amount of food without much variety | 1142 | 52.3 | 1054 | 92.3 | 88 | 7.7 | |
Insufficient amount of food | 72 | 3.3 | 67 | 93.1 | 5 | 6.9 | |
Regular walking exercise | |||||||
Yes | 2022 | 92.6 | 1859 | 91.94 | 163 | 8.06 | 0.580 |
No | 161 | 7.4 | 150 | 93.17 | 11 | 6.83 | |
Maternal Factors | |||||||
Maternal Age (Mean ± S.D.) | 43.2 ± 4.2 | 43.2 ± 4.1 | 42.9 ± 4.5 | 0.397 | |||
30–40 | 572 | 26.2 | 520 | 90.9 | 52 | 9.1 | 0.476 |
41–45 | 1044 | 47.8 | 967 | 92.6 | 77 | 7.4 | |
46 and older | 567 | 26.0 | 522 | 92.1 | 45 | 7.9 | |
Level of education | |||||||
Middle school graduation or less | 172 | 7.9 | 154 | 89.5 | 18 | 10.5 | 0.444 |
High school graduation | 1222 | 56.0 | 1126 | 92.1 | 96 | 7.9 | |
College graduation or more | 789 | 36.1 | 729 | 92.4 | 60 | 7.6 | |
Income | |||||||
Low | 180 | 8.3 | 162 | 90.0 | 18 | 10.0 | 0.535 |
Middle | 1242 | 56.9 | 1143 | 92.0 | 99 | 8.0 | |
High | 761 | 34.9 | 704 | 92.5 | 57 | 7.5 | |
Marriage status | |||||||
Married and living together | 2043 | 93.6 | 1883 | 92.2 | 160 | 7.8 | 0.807 |
Married and living separately | 9 | 0.4 | 8 | 88.9 | 1 | 11.1 | |
Separation by death | 35 | 1.6 | 32 | 91.4 | 3 | 8.6 | |
Divorce | 96 | 4.4 | 86 | 89.6 | 10 | 10.4 | |
Region | |||||||
City | 1853 | 84.9 | 1701 | 91.8 | 152 | 8.2 | 0.343 |
Rural | 330 | 15.1 | 308 | 93.3 | 22 | 6.7 | |
Work schedule | |||||||
Day work | 1303 | 59.7 | 1201 | 92.2 | 102 | 7.8 | 0.639 |
Night work | 174 | 8.0 | 156 | 89.7 | 18 | 10.3 | |
Shift work and others | 65 | 3.0 | 61 | 93.9 | 4 | 6.2 | |
Unemployed | 641 | 29.4 | 591 | 92.2 | 50 | 7.8 | |
Working hours (Mean ± S.D.) | 27.2 ± 22.5 | 27.1 ± 22.4 | 27.9 ± 23.5 | 0.687 | |||
Maternal depression | |||||||
Yes | 273 | 12.5 | 236 | 86.5 | 37 | 13.6 | 0.000 |
No | 1910 | 87.5 | 1773 | 92.8 | 137 | 7.2 | |
Current alcohol drinking status | |||||||
Yes | 1479 | 67.8 | 1371 | 92.7 | 108 | 7.3 | 0.095 |
No | 704 | 32.3 | 638 | 90.6 | 66 | 9.4 | |
Limitation of activity | |||||||
Limited activity | 127 | 5.8 | 119 | 93.7 | 8 | 6.3 | 0.474 |
Activity not limited | 2056 | 94.2 | 1890 | 91.9 | 166 | 8.1 | |
Year | |||||||
2010 | 486 | 22.3 | 448 | 92.2 | 38 | 7.8 | 0.593 |
2011 | 467 | 21.4 | 423 | 90.6 | 44 | 9.4 | |
2012 | 435 | 19.9 | 405 | 93.1 | 30 | 6.9 | |
2013 | 446 | 20.4 | 408 | 91.5 | 38 | 8.5 | |
2015 | 349 | 16.0 | 325 | 93.1 | 24 | 6.9 |
Variable | Adolescent Depressive Symptoms | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
aOR † | 95% CI | |||
Family dinner | ||||
Not accompanied by mother/child | 1.447 | 1.02 | 2.05 | 0.037 |
Accompanied by mother/child | 1.000 | |||
Offspring Factors | ||||
Adolescent’s age | ||||
12–15 | 1.053 | 0.73 | 1.53 | 0.786 |
16 or above | 1.000 | |||
Adolescent’s sex | ||||
Male | 0.804 | 0.58 | 1.11 | 0.182 |
Female | 1.000 | |||
Limitation of activity | ||||
Limited activity | 1.929 | 0.87 | 4.27 | 0.105 |
Activity not limited | 1.000 | |||
Subjective body cognition | ||||
Underweight | 0.805 | 0.53 | 1.23 | 0.307 |
Normal | 0.761 | 0.53 | 1.09 | |
Overweight | 1.000 | |||
Dietary condition | ||||
Ample amount of various food | 1.625 | 0.58 | 4.60 | 0.567 |
Ample amount of food without much variety | 1.438 | 0.52 | 4.01 | |
Insufficient amount of food | 1.000 | |||
Regular walking exercise | ||||
Yes | 1.000 | |||
No | 0.906 | 0.47 | 1.73 | 0.766 |
Maternal Factors | ||||
Maternal Age | ||||
30–40 | 1.316 | 0.82 | 2.11 | 0.438 |
41–45 | 1.054 | 0.70 | 1.59 | |
46 and older | ||||
Level of education | ||||
Middle school graduation or less | 1.283 | 0.68 | 2.43 | 0.745 |
High school graduation | 1.050 | 0.73 | 1.50 | |
College graduation or more | ||||
Household income level | ||||
Low | 1.158 | 0.58 | 2.31 | 0.916 |
Middle | 1.039 | 0.72 | 1.50 | |
High | ||||
Marriage status | ||||
Married and living together | 0.772 | 0.35 | 1.69 | 0.874 |
Married and living separately | 1.094 | 0.12 | 9.99 | |
Separation by death | 0.613 | 0.15 | 2.50 | |
Divorce | ||||
Region | ||||
City | 1.290 | 0.80 | 2.09 | 0.299 |
Rural | ||||
Work schedule | ||||
Day work | 0.955 | 0.54 | 1.69 | 0.736 |
Night work | 1.231 | 0.62 | 2.46 | |
Shift work and others | 0.692 | 0.21 | 2.24 | |
Unemployed | ||||
Working hours | 1.000 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.987 |
Maternal depression | ||||
Yes | 1.000 | |||
No | 0.479 | 0.32 | 0.72 | 0.001 |
Current alcohol drinking status | ||||
Yes | 0.814 | 0.58 | 1.13 | 0.222 |
No | 1.000 | |||
Limitation of activity | ||||
Limited activity | 0.548 | 0.25 | 1.21 | 0.135 |
Activity not limited | 1.000 | |||
Year | ||||
2010 | 1.037 | 0.60 | 1.80 | 0.586 |
2011 | 1.358 | 0.80 | 2.30 | |
2012 | 0.977 | 0.55 | 1.73 | |
2013 | 1.259 | 0.73 | 2.17 | |
2015 | 1.000 |
Variable | Adolescent Depressive Symptoms | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aOR† | 95% CI | p-Value | Col %a | |||
Offspring Factors | ||||||
Adolescent’s age | ||||||
12~15 | Not accompanied by mother/child | 1.66 | 1.11 | 2.47 | 0.014 | 29.9 |
Accompanied by mother/child | 1.00 | 36.8 | ||||
16 or above | Not accompanied by mother/child | 1.15 | 0.58 | 2.29 | 0.682 | 25.3 |
Accompanied by mother/child | 1.00 | 8.0 | ||||
Adolescent’s sex | ||||||
Male | Not accompanied by mother/child | 1.03 | 0.62 | 1.71 | 0.907 | 24.7 |
Accompanied by mother/child | 1.00 | 23.0 | ||||
Female | Not accompanied by mother/child | 2.07 | 1.26 | 3.39 | 0.004 | 30.5 |
Accompanied by mother/child | 1.00 | 21.8 | ||||
Maternal Factors | ||||||
Maternal depression | ||||||
Yes | Not accompanied by mother/child | 0.40 | 0.16 | 1.00 | 0.050 | 8.6 |
Accompanied by mother/child | 1.00 | 12.6 | ||||
No | Not accompanied by mother/child | 2.00 | 1.35 | 2.95 | 0.001 | 46.6 |
Accompanied by mother/child | 1.00 | 32.2 | ||||
Region | ||||||
City | Not accompanied by mother/child | 1.62 | 1.11 | 2.35 | 0.012 | 50.6 |
Accompanied by mother/child | 1.00 | 36.8 | ||||
Rural | Not accompanied by mother/child | 0.54 | 0.17 | 1.66 | 0.278 | 4.6 |
Accompanied by mother/child | 1.00 | 8.0 |
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Lee, J.-Y.; Lee, S.; Park, E.-C.; Kim, J.; Jang, S.-I. The Association of Maternal Accompaniment at Family Dinners and Depressive Symptoms of Korean Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1743. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051743
Lee J-Y, Lee S, Park E-C, Kim J, Jang S-I. The Association of Maternal Accompaniment at Family Dinners and Depressive Symptoms of Korean Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(5):1743. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051743
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Jae-Young, Seul Lee, Eun-Cheol Park, Juyeong Kim, and Sung-In Jang. 2020. "The Association of Maternal Accompaniment at Family Dinners and Depressive Symptoms of Korean Adolescents" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1743. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051743