Decreased Risk of Renal Calculi in Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source and Study Design
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Study Outcomes and Covariates
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | ADT Patients, n (%) | Non-ADT Patients, n (%) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
No. of cases | 758 | 758 | |
Gender | |||
Male | 758 (100.0%) | 758 (100.0%) | |
Age | 0.994 | ||
50–59 | 33 (4.4%) | 35 (4.6%) | |
60–69 | 143 (18.9%) | 141 (18.6%) | |
70–79 | 352 (46.4%) | 351 (46.3%) | |
≥80 | 230 (30.3%) | 231 (30.5%) | |
Insured region | <0.001 * | ||
Northern Taiwan | 395 (52.1%) | 470 (62.0%) | |
Middle Taiwan | 110 (14.5%) | 101 (13.3%) | |
Southern Taiwan | 218 (28.8%) | 171 (22.6%) | |
Other (Eastern Taiwan | 35 (4.6%) | 16 (2.1%) | |
and outlying islands) | |||
Urbanization | <0.05 * | ||
1 (highest) | 341 (45.0%) | 393 (51.8%) | |
2 | 151 (19.9%) | 161 (21.2%) | |
3 | 170 (22.4%) | 122 (16.1%) | |
4 (lowest) | 96 (12.7%) | 82 (10.9%) | |
Insured amount NTD a | 0.681 | ||
<20,000 | 679 (89.6%) | 669 (88.3%) | |
20,000–39,999 | 30 (4.0%) | 39 (5.1%) | |
40,000–59,999 | 24 (3.2%) | 22 (2.9%) | |
≥60,000 | 25 (3.2%) | 28 (3.7%) | |
Comorbidity | |||
Diabetes Mellitus | 232 (30.6%) | 211 (27.8%) | 0.236 |
Hypertension | 477 (62.9%) | 443 (58.4%) | 0.074 |
Hyperlipidemia | 187 (24.7%) | 194 (25.6%) | 0.679 |
Coronary heart disease | 278 (36.7%) | 273 (36%) | 0.789 |
Cerebral vascular accident | 219 (28.9%) | 196 (25.9%) | 0.185 |
COPD | 279 (36.8%) | 227 (29.9%) | <0.05 * |
Alcoholism | 4 (0.5%) | 3 (0.4%) | 0.705 |
Obesity | 2 (0.3%) | 4 (0.5%) | 0.413 |
Tobacco use disorder | 245 (32.3%) | 201 (26.5%) | <0.05 * |
Number of Patients | ||
---|---|---|
ADT Patients n = 758 | Non-ADT Patients n = 758 | |
Renal calculi | 53 (7.0%) | 133 (17.5%) |
Without renal calculi | 705 (93.0%) | 625 (82.5%) |
Crude HR | 0.37 (0.27 to 0.52) ** |
Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|
Prostate cancer | ||
non-ADT | 1 | 1 |
ADT | 0.37 (0.27 to 0.52) ** | 0.38 (0.28 to 0.53) ** |
Age | ||
50–59 | 1 | 1 |
60–69 | 1.84 (0.84 to 4.04) | 1.96 (0.87 to 4.39) |
70–79 | 1.14 (0.53 to 2.46) | 1.18 (0.52 to 2.67) |
≥80 | 0.87 (0.39 to 1.93) | 0.81 (0.35 to 1.89) |
Insured region | ||
Northern Taiwan | 1 | 1 |
Middle Taiwan | 1.18 (0.79 to 1.76) | 1.17 (0.77 to 1.77) |
Southern Taiwan | 0.72 (0.50 to 1.05) | 0.80 (0.53 to 1.19) |
Other (Eastern Taiwan | 1.03 (0.48 to 2.21) | 1.56 (0.70 to 3.46) |
and outlying islands) | ||
Urbanization | ||
1 (highest) | 1 | 1 |
2 | 0.87 (0.59 to 1.27) | 0.85 (0.58 to 1.26) |
3 | 0.95 (0.65 to 1.39) | 1.10 (0.74 to 1.65) |
4 (lowest) | 0.71 (0.43 to 1.20) | 0.81 (0.47 to 1.43) |
Insured amount NTD a | ||
<20,000 | 1 | 1 |
20,000–39,999 | 0.80 (0.38 to 1.71) | 0.53 (0.24 to 1.15) |
40,000–59,999 | 1.26 (0.59 to 2.67) | 0.94 (0.42 to 2.08) |
≥60,000 | 0.75 (0.31 to 1.82) | 0.54 (0.22 to 1.34) |
Comorbidity disease | ||
Diabetes Mellitus | 0.56 (0.39 to 0.80) * | 0.64 (0.44 to 0.95) * |
Hypertension | 0.72 (0.54 to 0.96) * | 1.02 (0.73 to 1.41) |
Hyperlipidemia | 0.71 (0.49 to 1.01) | 0.76 (0.51 to 1.11) |
Coronary heart disease | 0.78 (0.57 to 1.07) | 1.04 (0.74 to 1.46) |
Cerebral vascular accident | 0.56 (0.39 to 0.82) * | 0.67 (0.45 to 0.99) * |
COPD | 0.55 (0.39 to 0.78) * | 0.93 (0.52 to 1.65) |
Alcoholism | 0.05 (0 to 469.73) | NA |
Obesity | 0.05 (0 to 977.5) | NA |
Tobacco use disorder | 0.51 (0.35 to 0.74) ** | 0.66 (0.36 to 1.23) |
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Lin, C.-Y.; Liu, J.-M.; Wu, C.-T.; Hsu, R.-J.; Hsu, W.-L. Decreased Risk of Renal Calculi in Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051762
Lin C-Y, Liu J-M, Wu C-T, Hsu R-J, Hsu W-L. Decreased Risk of Renal Calculi in Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(5):1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051762
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Chien-Yu, Jui-Ming Liu, Chun-Te Wu, Ren-Jun Hsu, and Wen-Lin Hsu. 2020. "Decreased Risk of Renal Calculi in Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051762