Analysis of Prehospital Care of Migrants Who Arrive Intermittently at the Coasts of Southern Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gender | Absolute Frequency (n) | Percentage (95% CI) | |
Male | 2013 | 91.2 (89.9–92.3) | |
Woman | 194 | 8.8 (7.6–10.0) | |
Total | 2207 | 100 | |
No. of Passengers Per Vessel | Absolute Frequency (n) | Percentage | Accumulated Percentage |
1 passenger | 13 | 8.7% | 8.7% |
2–5 passengers | 32 | 21.4% | 30.1% |
6–15 passengers | 45 | 30.2% | 60.3% |
16–25 passengers | 28 | 18.8% | 79.1% |
26–40 passengers | 26 | 17.4% | 96.6% |
More than 40 passengers | 5 | 3.3% | 100% |
Total vessels | 149 | Range = (1–55)Average per vessel = 4.8 (SD = 11.9) | |
Seasonal Distribution | Absolute Frequency (n) | Percentage (95% CI) | |
Summer | 756 | 34.2 (32.3–36.2) | |
Autumn | 680 | 30.8 (28.9–32.7) | |
Spring | 412 | 18.6 (17.1–20.3) | |
Winter | 359 | 16.2 (14.8–17.8) | |
Total | 2207 | 100 | |
Age Range | Absolute Frequency (n) | Percentage (95% CI) | Accumulated Percentage |
0–24 months | 8 | 0.3 (0.2–0.7) | 0.3 |
2–13 years | 24 | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 1.4 |
14–17 years | 573 | 25.9 (24.1–27.8) | 27.3 |
18–40 years | 1557 | 70.5 (68.6–72.4) | 97.8 |
41–64 years | 16 | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 98.6 |
Undefined | 29 | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 100 |
Total | 2207 | Range = (0–53)Average age = 22 (SD = 6.3) Mode = 17 | |
Country of Origin | Absolute Frequency | Percentage (95% CI) | |
Algeria | 893 | 40.4 (38.4–42.5) | |
Ivory Coast | 374 | 16.9 (15.4–18.5) | |
Guinea | 198 | 8.9 (7.8–10.2) | |
Cameroon | 160 | 7.2 (6.2–8.4) | |
Gambia | 138 | 6.2 (5.3–7.3) | |
Morocco | 109 | 4.9 (4.1–5.9) | |
DR Congo | 75 | 3.3 (2.3–4.1) | |
Burkina Faso | 56 | 2.5 (1.9–3.2) | |
Guinea-Bissau | 41 | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | |
Mali | 21 | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | |
Mauritania | 17 | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | |
Sierra Leone | 13 | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | |
Kenya | 12 | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | |
Eritrea | 11 | 0.5 (0.2–0.9) | |
Central African Republic | 9 | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | |
Syria | 9 | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | |
Togo | 8 | 0.3 (0.1–0.7) | |
Ghana | 7 | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | |
Liberia | 7 | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | |
Uganda | 6 | 0.2 (0.1–0.6) | |
Comoro Islands | 5 | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | |
South Sudan | 5 | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) | |
Other countries a | 33 | 14.9 (11.1–18.3) | |
Total | 2207 | 100 | |
Geographic Area of Origin | Absolute Frequency (n) | Percentage (95% CI) | |
Sub-Saharan Africa | 1172 | 53.1 (51.0–55.2) | |
Maghreb countries | 1021 | 46.2 (44.2–48.3) | |
Asian countries | 13 | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | |
Other | 1 | 0.05 (0.01–0.2) | |
Total | 2207 | 100 |
Diagnoses | Absolute Frequency (n) | Percentage (95% CI) |
Non-specific headache and/or facial pain | 17 | 15.6 (9.3–27.9) |
Pregnancy (state of) | 14 | 12.8 (7.2–20.6) |
Unspecified and/or multiple wound/s of the lower limb | 7 | 6.4 (2.6–12.7) |
Candidiasis of unspecified localization | 4 | 3.6 (1.0–9.1) |
Sciatica or lumbosciatica | 4 | 3.6 (1.0–9.1) |
Dyspepsia and/or gastralgia | 4 | 3.6 (1.0–9.1) |
Unspecified upper respiratory tract diseases | 3 | 2.7 (0.5–7.8) |
Fever | 3 | 2.7 (0.5–7.8) |
Unspecified and/or multiple wound/s of the upper limb | 3 | 2.7 (0.5–7.8) |
Degree burn of the leg and unspecified site | 3 | 2.7 (0.5–7.8) |
Solar dermatitis (sunburn, solar erythema) | 2 | 1.8 (0.02–6.4) |
Dermatitis and eczemas of unspecified cause | 2 | 1.8 (0.02–6.4) |
Non-specific abdominal pain (excludes renal colic) | 2 | 1.8 (0.02–6.4) |
Ankle sprain | 2 | 1.8 (0.02–6.4) |
Unspecified fracture/s of the upper limb, closed | 2 | 1.8 (0.02–6.4) |
Abdominal hernia | 2 | 1.8 (0.02–6.4) |
Malaise and/or fatigue | 2 | 1.8 (0.02–6.4) |
Multiple second-degree burns (blisters, epidermal loss) | 2 | 1.8 (0.02–6.4) |
Common cold | 2 | 1.8 (0.02–6.4) |
Other diagnoses a | 29 | 26.6 (17.8–35.6) |
Total | 109 | 100 |
Grouping of Diagnoses | Absolute Frequency (n) | Percentage (95% CI) |
Dermatological | 27 | 24.7 (15.7–31.7) |
Gynecological | 23 | 21.1 (12.8–28.0) |
Headaches | 17 | 15.6 (8.7–22.2) |
Other | 11 | 10.1 (4.5–15.1) |
Traumatology | 9 | 8.2 (3.6–14.1) |
Respiratory | 7 | 6.4 (2.5–12.0) |
Gastrointestinal | 6 | 5.5 (1.9–10.8) |
Non-traumatic osteomuscular | 6 | 5.5 (1.9–10.8) |
Optical | 3 | 2.5 (0.5–7.3) |
Total | 109 | 100 |
Transfers to Hospitals | Absolute Frequency (n) | Percentage (95% CI) |
Hospital Torrecárdenas | 62 | 95.3 (87.1–99.0) |
Hospital Provincial | 2 | 3.0 (0.3–10.6) |
Hospital Toyo | 1 | 1.5 (0.04–8.3) |
Total | 65 | 100 |
Nursing Interventions (NIC) | Absolute Frequency (n) | Percentage (95% CI) |
Care of wounds | 26 | 24.7 (16.8–34.1) |
Pain management | 23 | 21.9 (14.4–31.0) |
Prenatal care | 16 | 15.2 (8.9–23.5) |
Identification of risks | 11 | 10.4 (6.2–17.3) |
Treatment of fever | 8 | 7.6 (3.9–13.2) |
Infection control | 5 | 4.7 (1.5–10.7) |
Immobilization | 4 | 3.8 (1.0–9.5) |
Other b | 12 | 11.4 (6.6–18.1) |
Total | 105 | 100 |
NIC Grouping | Absolute Frequency (n) | Percentage (95% CI) |
Skin/wound care | 26 | 24.7(16.8–34.1) |
Promotion of physical comfort | 25 | 23.8 (16.4–33.1) |
Risk management | 17 | 16.1 (9.7–24.6) |
Care for a new baby | 16 | 15.2 (8.9–23.5) |
Thermoregulation | 10 | 9.5 (4.6–16.8) |
Immobility control | 4 | 3.8 (1.0–9.4) |
Control of electrolytes and acid-base | 2 | 1.9 (0.23–6.7) |
Other c | 5 | 4.7 (1.8–10.6) |
Total | 105 | 100 |
Bivariate Analysis | Frequency by Diagnoses or Nursing Interventions Performed % (n) | Risk Ratio (95% CI) | Statistical Value, Degree of Freedom, Level of Significance | Frequency by Type of Diagnoses or Nursing Interventions. Most Frequent Category % (n) | Statistical Value, Degree of Freedom, Level of Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender vs. Diagnoses of any disease | Males 2.58% (52) | 12.9 (9.3–18.1) | χ² = 337.01 df = 1 p < 0.0001 (*) | Dermatological 30.7% (16) | χ² = 24.92 df = 4 p = 0.0001 (*) |
Women 33.5% (65) | Gynecological 35.3% (23) | ||||
Gender vs. Nursing Interventions | Males 2.4% (49) | 12.2 (8.6–17.4) | χ² = 281.36 df = 1 p < 0.0001 (*) | Skin/wound care 36.7% (18) | χ² = 21.88 df = 4 p = 0.0002 (*) |
Women 29.9% (55) | Care for a new baby 29.1% (16) | ||||
Age group vs. Diagnoses | <18 years 5.1% (31) | 0.97 (0.6–1.4) | χ² = 0.0205 df = 1 p = 0.886 (ns) | Dermatological 32.3% (10) | χ² = 12.80 df = 4 p = 0.0123 (*) |
≥18 years 5.3% (83) | Gynecological 25.5% (22) | ||||
Age group vs. Nursing Interventions | <18 years 4.8% (29) | 1.03 (0.6–1.5) | χ² = 0.0022 df = 1 p = 0.880 (ns) | Skin/wound care 31.0% (9) | χ² = 11.23 df = 4 p = 0.024 (*) |
≥18 years 4.6% (73) | Promotion of comfort 26.0% (19) | ||||
Geographic area of origin vs. Diagnoses | Sub-Saharan Africa 7.3% (86) | 2.4 (1.6–3.6) | χ² = 19.99 df = 1 p < 0.0001 (*) | Headaches 25.8% (8) | χ² = 7.68 df = 4 p = 0.103 (ns) |
Maghreb 3.0% (31) | Gynecological 24.4% (21) | ||||
Geographic area of origin vs. Nursing Interventions | Sub-Saharan Africa 6.5% (76) | 2.3 (1.5–3.6) | χ² = 16.91 df = 1 p < 0.0001 (*) | Skin/wound care 32.1% (9) | χ² = 6.21 df = 4 p = 0.183 (ns) |
Maghreb 2.7% (28) | Promotion of comfort 23.7% (18) | ||||
Seasonal time of the year vs. Diagnoses | Spring 6.0% (25) | n.a. | χ² = 11.82 df = 3 p = 0.0262 (*) | Dermatological 24.0% (6) | χ² = 13.6 df = 12 p = 0.323 (ns) |
Summer 6.8% (52) | Gynecological 19.2% (10) | ||||
Autumn 2.9% (20) | Dermatological 40.0% (8) | ||||
Winter 5.5% (20) | Dermatological 30.0% (6) | ||||
Seasonal time of the year vs. Nursing Interventions | Spring 5.3% (22) | n.a. | χ² = 9.24 df = 3 p = 0.0080 (*) | Promotion of comfort 31.8% (7) | χ² = 21.36 df = 12 p = 0.0452 (*) |
Summer 6.0% (46) | Promotion of comfort 23.9% (11) | ||||
Autumn 2.9% (20) | Skin/wound care 40.0% (8) | ||||
Winter 4.4% (16) | Skin/wound care 37.5% (6) |
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Ponce-Blandón, J.A.; Mérida-Martín, T.; Jiménez-Lasserrotte, M.d.M.; Jiménez-Picón, N.; Macías-Seda, J.; Lomas-Campos, M.d.l.M. Analysis of Prehospital Care of Migrants Who Arrive Intermittently at the Coasts of Southern Spain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061964
Ponce-Blandón JA, Mérida-Martín T, Jiménez-Lasserrotte MdM, Jiménez-Picón N, Macías-Seda J, Lomas-Campos MdlM. Analysis of Prehospital Care of Migrants Who Arrive Intermittently at the Coasts of Southern Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(6):1964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061964
Chicago/Turabian StylePonce-Blandón, José Antonio, Tatiana Mérida-Martín, Maria del Mar Jiménez-Lasserrotte, Nerea Jiménez-Picón, Juana Macías-Seda, and Maria de las Mercedes Lomas-Campos. 2020. "Analysis of Prehospital Care of Migrants Who Arrive Intermittently at the Coasts of Southern Spain" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6: 1964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061964