Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Instruments
2.4. Intervention and Control Groups
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Sample
3.2. Incidence of Depression
3.3. Depressive Symptomatology
3.4. Clinically Significant Change
3.5. Acceptability and Satisfaction with the Intervention
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total | CBCC | BACC | CG | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 219 | % | n = 69 | % | n = 70 | % | n = 80 | % | |
Sex | ||||||||
Men | 20 | 9.1 | 7 | 10.1 | 3 | 4.3 | 10 | 12.5 |
Women | 199 | 90.9 | 62 | 89.9 | 67 | 95.7 | 70 | 87.5 |
Age | ||||||||
M | 54.0 | 54.8 | 54.5 | 52.9 | ||||
SD | 10.8 | 10.7 | 11.0 | 10.7 | ||||
Range | 25–76 | 34–75 | 32–74 | 25–76 | ||||
Marital status | ||||||||
Single | 25 | 11.4 | 7 | 10.2 | 9 | 12.9 | 9 | 11.2 |
Married, lives as a couple | 157 | 71.7 | 51 | 73.9 | 52 | 74.2 | 54 | 67.5 |
Separated, divorced, widowed | 37 | 16.9 | 11 | 15.9 | 9 | 12.9 | 17 | 21.3 |
Social class | ||||||||
Low/lower middle | 114 | 52.1 | 36 | 52.2 | 39 | 55.7 | 39 | 48.7 |
Middle/upper middle | 105 | 47.9 | 33 | 47.8 | 31 | 44.3 | 41 | 51.3 |
Level of education | ||||||||
Can read and write | 27 | 12.3 | 5 | 7.3 | 12 | 17.1 | 10 | 12.5 |
Primary | 123 | 56.2 | 39 | 56.5 | 38 | 54.3 | 46 | 57.5 |
Secondary/University | 69 | 31.5 | 25 | 36.2 | 20 | 28.6 | 24 | 30.0 |
Primary activity | ||||||||
Active worker | 46 | 21.0 | 11 | 15.9 | 16 | 22.9 | 19 | 23.7 |
Unemployed/retired | 173 | 79.0 | 58 | 84.1 | 54 | 77.1 | 61 | 76.3 |
Care recipient sex | ||||||||
Male | 85 | 38.8 | 28 | 40.6 | 28 | 40.0 | 29 | 36.2 |
Female | 134 | 61.2 | 41 | 59.4 | 42 | 60.0 | 51 | 63.8 |
Care recipient age | ||||||||
M | 60.8 | 59.9 | 67.6 | 55.5 | ||||
SD | 33.1 | 32.7 | 30.0 | 35.2 | ||||
Range | 1–100 | 1–99 | 3–98 | 3–100 | ||||
Relationship | ||||||||
Father/mother | 86 | 39.3 | 27 | 39.1 | 32 | 45.7 | 27 | 33.7 |
Spouse/partner | 12 | 5.5 | 2 | 3.0 | 4 | 5.7 | 6 | 7.5 |
Son/daughter | 75 | 34.2 | 27 | 39.1 | 17 | 24.3 | 31 | 38.8 |
Other | 46 | 21.0 | 13 | 18.8 | 17 | 24.3 | 16 | 20.0 |
Care recipient diagnosis | ||||||||
-Diseases of the skeletomuscular/connective tissue/cardiovascular/respiratory systems | 53 | 24.2 | 13 | 18.8 | 18 | 25.7 | 22 | 27.5 |
-Chromosomal/congenital/perinatal abnormalities | 39 | 17.8 | 11 | 15.9 | 13 | 18.6 | 15 | 18.8 |
-Mental/neurological disorders/brain damage | 62 | 28.3 | 21 | 30.5 | 16 | 22.8 | 25 | 31.2 |
-Dementias | 65 | 29.7 | 24 | 34.8 | 23 | 32.9 | 18 | 22.5 |
Care duration (years) | ||||||||
M | 12.8 | 13.9 | 12.8 | 11.9 | ||||
SD | 9.1 | 9.8 | 9.0 | 8.5 | ||||
Range | 1–47 | 1–47 | 2–47 | 2–46 | ||||
Daily hours of care | ||||||||
M | 15.8 | 15.3 | 16.2 | 15.9 | ||||
SD | 4.1 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 4.0 | ||||
Range | 1–20 | 3–20 | 1–18 | 5–20 |
Group | PRE | POST | t | SE | p | Effect Size | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (SE) | M (SE) | Min | Max | |||||
CBCC | 22.3 (0.86) | 11.3 (0.87) | 11.044 | 0.989 | <0.001 | 1.53 | 1.24 | 1.83 |
BACC | 22.7 (0.86) | 10.4 (0.88) | 12.280 | 0.999 | <0.001 | 1.72 | 1.42 | 2.02 |
CG | 23.1 (0.80) | 19.6 (0.81) | 3.815 | 0.920 | <0.001 | 0.49 | 0.24 | 0.75 |
Comparison | t | SE | p | Effect Size | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min | Max | |||||
CBCC vs. CG | 6.963 | 1.188 | <0.001 | 1.16 | 0.82 | 1.50 |
BACC vs. CG | 7.724 | 1.192 | <0.001 | 1.29 | 0.95 | 1.63 |
CBCC vs. BACC | −0.760 | 1.237 | 1.000 | −0.13 | −0.47 | 0.21 |
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Vázquez, F.L.; López, L.; Torres, Á.J.; Otero, P.; Blanco, V.; Díaz, O.; Páramo, M. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062067
Vázquez FL, López L, Torres ÁJ, Otero P, Blanco V, Díaz O, Páramo M. Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(6):2067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062067
Chicago/Turabian StyleVázquez, Fernando L., Lara López, Ángela J. Torres, Patricia Otero, Vanessa Blanco, Olga Díaz, and Mario Páramo. 2020. "Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6: 2067. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062067