Getting Old Well in Sub Saharan Africa: Exploring the Social and Structural Drivers of Subjective Wellbeing among Elderly Men and Women in Uganda
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Aging and Subjective Wellbeing
3. Framing Aging and SWB in SSA
4. Aging in Uganda
5. Research Design and Methods
6. Results
7. Discussion
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Codes | Men | Women |
---|---|---|---|
Frequency/Mean (%) | Frequency/Mean (%) | ||
Age (Years) | 65.00 (SD = 10.30, range = 50–90) | 64.21(SD = 10.35, range = 50–101) | |
Subjective Wellbeing | 7 (SD = 2.81, Range = 0–13.25) | 6 (SD = 2.75, Range = 0–12.40) | |
Care Responsibilities | |||
Care Responsibilities for Children | 103 (58%) 2.7 (SD = 2.25, Range 0–11) | 216 (73%) 3.1 (SD = 2.15, range 0–10) | |
Provide Care for Adult | |||
No | 0 | 159 (90) | 256 (87) |
Yes | 1 | 17 (10) | 38 (13) |
Receive Family Assistance | |||
No | 0 | 96 (55) | 106 (36) |
Yes | 1 | 80 (45) | 188 (64) |
Provide Community Support | |||
No | 0 | 111 (63) | 192 (65) |
Yes | 1 | 65 (37) | 102 (35) |
Participate in Group | |||
No | 0 | 106 (61) | 176 (60) |
Yes | 1 | 68 (39) | 118 (40) |
Government Assistance | |||
No | 0 | 166 (94) | 270 (92) |
Yes | 1 | 10 (6) | 24 (8) |
Receive Remittance from Children | |||
Yes | 0 | 32 (18) | 106 (36) |
No | 1 | 144 (82) | 188 (64) |
Number of People Close to (children and adults) | 12 (SD = 19.68, Range 0–100) | 8 (SD = 14.45, range 0–98) | |
Health care variables | |||
Receive Health Care Last Time Needed | |||
No | 0 | 11 (6) | 27 (9) |
Yes | 1 | 165 (94) | 267 (91) |
Length of Waiting time | |||
Not long | 0 | 106 (60) | 145 (49) |
Long | 1 | 70 (40) | 149 (51) |
Time to Explain Sickness (HC) | |||
Always | 0 | 159 (90) | 244 (83) |
Not Always | 1 | 17 (10) | 50 (17) |
Satisfied with Services (HC) | |||
Satisfied | 0 | 158 (93) | 241 (88) |
Not Satisfied | 1 | 11 (7) | 33 (12) |
Socio-economic variables | |||
Asset Level | |||
Poor | 0 | 43 (24) | 114 (39) |
Middle | 1 | 63 (36) | 93 (32) |
Rich | 2 | 70 (40) | 87 (30) |
Financial Status | |||
Bad | 0 | 109 (63) | 201 (68) |
Good | 1 | 64 (37) | 93 (32) |
Financial Improvement (last 3yrs) | |||
Worse | 0 | 117 (66) | 192 (65) |
Better/same | 1 | 59 (34) | 102 (35) |
Currently Employed/Working | |||
No | 0 | 30 (17) | 61 (21) |
Yes | 1 | 146 (83) | 233 (79) |
Educational Level | |||
None | 0 | 18 (10) | 70 (24) |
Primary | 1 | 99 (57) | 168 (57) |
Secondary | 2 | 47 (27) | 38 (13) |
Higher | 3 | 9 (5) | 18 (6) |
Demographic factors | |||
Marital Status | |||
Not Married | 0 | 65 (37) | 258 (88) |
Married | 1 | 111 (63) | 36 (12) |
Residence/Location | |||
Urban | 0 | 55 (31) | 113 (38) |
Rural | 1 | 121 (69) | 181 (62) |
Religion | |||
Catholic | 0 | 105 (60) | 182 (62) |
Protestant | 1 | 42 (24) | 62 (21) |
Islam | 2 | 18 (10) | 21 (8) |
Other | 3 | 10 (6) | 29 (10) |
Total | 176 | 294 |
Variables | Men only | Women only | Total sample |
---|---|---|---|
Age (Years) | 0.41[0.27–0.54] *** | 0.44[0.33–0.54] *** | 0.42[0.34–0.50] *** |
Provide Community Support | −0.22[−0.39–−0.06] *** | −0.26[−0.39–−0.13] *** | −0.24[−0.34–−0.14] *** |
Care Responsibilities for Children | |||
Participate in Group | −0.16[−0.32–0.01] * | −0.28[−0.41–−0.16] *** | −0.23[−0.33–−0.13] *** |
Number of People Close to | −0.13[−0.30–0.04] | −0.13[−0.27–−0.002] ** | −0.15[−0.26–−0.04] *** |
Childcare Responsibilities | −0.12[−0.28–0.05] | −0.11[−0.24–0.03] | −0.08[−.018–0.02] |
Provide Care to Adults | 0.05[−0.11–0.23] | −0.09[−0.23–0.04] | −0.03[−0.14–0.07] |
Government Assistance | −0.04[−0.22–0.13] | −0.29[−0.42–−0.16] *** | −0.19[−0.29–−0.08] *** |
Family Assistance | −0.14[−0.31–0.02] * | 0.02[−0.11–0.16] | 0.003[−0.10–0.11] |
Receive Remittance from Children | −0.08[−0.26–0.08] | 0.01[−0.12–0.15] | 0.02[−0.08–0.13] |
Receive Healthcare Last Time Needed | 0.10[−0.07–0.27] | −0.16[−0.29–−0.03] ** | −0.08[−0.19–0.02] |
Length of Waiting Time | −0.05[−0.23–0.12] | 0.11[−0.03–0.24] | 0.06[−0.04–0.17] |
Time to Explain Sickness (HC) | 0.04[−0.13–0.22] | 0.13[−0.01–0.26] * | 0.12[0.02–0.23] ** |
Satisfied with Services (HC) | −0.09[−0.26–0.08] | 0.12[−0.01–0.25] * | 0.07[−0.03–0.18] |
Education | −0.31[−0.48–−0.15] *** | −0.23[−0.36–−0.09] *** | −0.29[−0.39–−0.19] *** |
Not Currently Working | 0.19[0.03–0.35] ** | 0.28[0.16–0.39] *** | 0.26[0.17–0.35] *** |
Asset Level | −0.33[−0.49–−0.17] *** | −0.26[−0.39–−0.13] *** | −0.30[−0.40–−0.20] *** |
Good Financial Status | −0.47[−0.61–−0.32] *** | −0.44[−0.56–−0.33] *** | −0.45[−0.54–−0.36] *** |
Financial Improvement (last 3 y) | −0.40[−0.55–−0.25] *** | −0.46[−0.57–−0.34] *** | −0.42[−0.52–−0.33] *** |
Gender (female) | N/A | N/A | 0.21[0.11–0.32] *** |
Currently Married | −0.25[−0.42–−0.08] *** | −0.12[−0.25–0.02] * | −0.26[−0.36–−0.16] *** |
Rural Residence/Location | −0.001[−0.17–0.17] | −0.04[−0.16–0.08] | −0.04[−0.14–0.06] |
Religion | 0.09[−0.08–0.26] | 0.01[−0.13–0.14] | 0.05[−0.06–0.16] |
RMSEA (Root mean squared error of approximation) | 0.097 |
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Rishworth, A.; Elliott, S.J.; Kangmennaang, J. Getting Old Well in Sub Saharan Africa: Exploring the Social and Structural Drivers of Subjective Wellbeing among Elderly Men and Women in Uganda. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2347. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072347
Rishworth A, Elliott SJ, Kangmennaang J. Getting Old Well in Sub Saharan Africa: Exploring the Social and Structural Drivers of Subjective Wellbeing among Elderly Men and Women in Uganda. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(7):2347. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072347
Chicago/Turabian StyleRishworth, Andrea, Susan J. Elliott, and Joseph Kangmennaang. 2020. "Getting Old Well in Sub Saharan Africa: Exploring the Social and Structural Drivers of Subjective Wellbeing among Elderly Men and Women in Uganda" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2347. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072347