Sitting Posture, Sagittal Spinal Curvatures and Back Pain in 8 to 12-Year-Old Children from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS Programme
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedures
2.3.1. Thoracic and Lumbar Sagittal Curves Assessment
2.3.2. Pelvic Tilt Evaluation in a Slump Sitting Position
2.3.3. Back Pain Assessment
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Sagittal Spinal Alignment and Pelvic Tilt in a Slump Sitting Position
3.2. Sagittal Spinal Alignment in a Slump Sitting Position, Pelvic Tilt While Sitting and Back Pain
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Age | Height | Weight | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Sex | Male (n = 281) | 10.41 | 1.16 | 141.88 | 8.90 | 39.93 | 10.54 |
Female (n = 301) | 10.44 | 1.09 | 142.60 | 9.31 | 41.68 | 12.06 | |
Age | 8 years (n = 62) | 8.44 | 0.29 | 129.70 | 5.21 | 30.82 | 6.01 |
9 years (n = 132) | 9.49 | 0.29 | 137.40 | 6.38 | 37.04 | 8.62 | |
10 years (n = 207) | 10.49 | 0.28 | 142.80 | 7.08 | 40.19 | 9.46 | |
11 years (n = 142) | 11.50 | 0.29 | 148.90 | 6.94 | 47.16 | 12.71 | |
12 years (n = 39) | 12.47 | 0.34 | 151.57 | 6.34 | 50.00 | 11.26 | |
Total (n = 582) | 10.42 | 1.12 | 142.25 | 9.11 | 40.84 | 11.37 |
Variable | Thoracic Curve 1 | Lumbar Curve 1 | Pelvic Tilt (LSA) 1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male (n = 281) | 43.86 ± 8.64 * | 25.90 ± 7.42 † | 107.99 ± 5.10 † |
Female (n = 301) | 41.61 ± 9.83 | 22.79 ± 8.07 | 105.85 ± 5.79 | |
Age | 8 years (n = 62) | 41.61 ± 7.83 | 25.81 ± 6.13 | 108.45 ± 4.63 † |
9 years (n = 132) | 42.09 ± 9.51 | 24.68 ± 7.09 | 107.50 ± 5.02 † | |
10 years (n = 207) | 44.13 ± 9.30 * | 25.05 ± 7.89 * | 107.53 ± 5.45 † | |
11 years (n = 142) | 40.72 ± 9.71 * | 22.62 ± 8.79 * | 104.92 ± 6.10 † | |
12 years (n = 39) | 46.10 ± 7.93 * | 22.62 ± 8.78 | 106.05 ± 5.55 | |
Total (n = 582) | 42.70 ± 9.34 | 24.29 ± 7.91 | 106.88 ± 5.57 |
V | Thoracic Kyphosis 1 | Lumbar Kyphosis 1 | Pelvic Tilt (Retroversion) 1 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypo | N | S Hyper | M Hyper | N | S Hyper | M Hyper | N | S | Sig. | |
♂ | 1 (16.67) | 112 (43.24) | 164 * (52.73) | 4 (66.67) | 22 (30.14) | 93 (41.33) | 166 † (58.45) | 28¥ (32.56) | 197 (49.62) | 56 (56.57) |
♀ | 5 (83.33) | 147 * (56.76) | 147 (47.27) | 2 (33.33) | 51† (69.86) | 132 † (58.67) | 118 (41.55) | 58 * (67.44) | 200 (50.38) | 43 (43.43) |
8y | 0 (0.00) | 32 (12.36) | 30 (9.65) | 0 (0.00) | 2¥ (2.74) | 25 (11.11) | 35 (12.32) | 5 (5.81) | 47 (11.84) | 10 (10.10) |
9y | 2 (33.33) | 59 (22.78) | 70 (22.51) | 1 (16.67) | 12 (16.44) | 56 (24.89) | 64 (22.54) | 13 (15.12) | 96 (24.18) | 23 (23.23) |
10y | 2 (33.33) | 74 (28.57) | 127 (40.84) | 4 (66.67) | 21 (28.77) | 77 (34.22) | 109 (38.38) | 24 (27.91) | 141 (35.52) | 42 (42.42) |
11y | 2 (33.33) | 79 (30.50) | 60 (19.29) | 1 (16.67) | 32 * (43.84) | 47 (20.89) | 63 (22.18) | 35 * (40.70) | 91 (22.92) | 16¥ (16.16) |
12y | 0 (0.00) | 15 (5.79) | 24 (7.72) | 0 (0.00) | 6 (8.22) | 20 (8.89) | 13 (4.58) | 9 (10.47) | 22 (5.54) | 8 (8.08) |
T | 6 (1.03) | 259 (44.50) | 311 (53.44) | 6 (1.03) | 73 (12.54) | 225 (38.66) | 284 (48.80) | 86 (14.78) | 397 (68.21) | 99 (17.01) |
H | 146.92 ± 11.21 | 142.36 ± 9.12 | 141.97 ± 9.06 | 147.98 ±8.25 | 146.44 ± 8.30 *,† | 142.49 * ± 8.71 | 140.99 † ± 9.31 | 146.67 † ± 9.03 | 141.72 † ± 8.79 | 140.57 † ± 9.38 |
W | 46.37 ± 18.15 | 41.69 ± 12.05 | 40.01 ± 10.61 | 41.12 ±10.44 | 51.34† ± 13.95 | 42.10 † ± 10.43 | 37.13 † ± 9.30 | 52.84 † ± 13.85 | 39.41 †,* ± 9.43 | 36.14 † * ± 9.16 |
Spinal Curves | LSA or Pelvic Tilt | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Normal 1 | Slight Retroversion 1 | Significant Retroversion 1 | ||
Thoracic kyphosis | Hypokyphosis | 3 (3.49) † | 3 (0.76) | 0 (0.00) |
Normal | 50 (58.14) † | 186 (46.85) | 23 (23.23) † ¥ | |
Slight hyperkyphosis | 33 (38.37) † ¥ | 203 (51.13) | 75 (75.76) † | |
Moderate hyperkyphosis | 0 (0.00) | 5 (1.26) | 1 (1.01) | |
Lumbar kyphosis | Normal | 40 (46.51) † | 32 (8.06) † ¥ | 1 (1.01) † ¥ |
Slight hyperkyphosis | 33 (38.37) | 179 (45.09) † | 13 (13.13) † ¥ | |
Moderate hyperkyphosis | 13 (15.12) † ¥ | 186 (46.85) | 85 (85.86) † |
BP by Recurrence in the Previous Year, Body Area and Prevalence Period | Thoracic Curve 1 | Lumbar Curve 1 | Pelvic Tilt (LSA) 1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Previous year | BP | No (n = 452) | 42.81 ± 9.23 | 24.64 ± 7.84 * | 107.27 ± 5.38 * |
Yes (n = 130) | 42.32 ± 9.73 | 23.08 ± 8.06 | 105.52 ± 6.00 | ||
One-time event (n = 39) | 43,54 ± 12,76 | 23,95 ± 7,29 | 106,21 ± 6,00 | ||
Recurrent BP (n = 91) | 41,80 ± 8,12 | 22,70 ± 8,38 | 105,23 ± 6,01 | ||
Upper BP | No (n = 546) | 42.65 ± 9.22 | 24.34 ± 7.94 | 106.91 ± 5.62 | |
Yes (n = 31) | 43.16 ± 11.70 | 22.90 ± 7.28 | 105.94 ± 4.77 | ||
Mid-BP | No (n = 508) | 42.77 ± 9.60 | 24.45 ± 7.79 | 107.11 ± 5.39 * | |
Yes (n = 69) | 41.97 ± 7.35 | 22.87 ± 8.68 | 105.04 ± 6.57 | ||
LBP | No (n = 525) | 42.76 ± 9.28 | 24.44 ± 7.83 | 107.02 ± 5.45 * | |
Yes (n = 51) | 41.80 ± 10.29 | 22.47 ± 8.56 | 105.37 ± 6.58 | ||
Previous week | BP | No (n = 516) | 42.62 ± 9.59 | 24.42 ± 7.89 | 106.97 ± 5.59 |
Yes (n = 62) | 43.48 ± 7.05 | 23.03 ± 8.14 | 106.29 ± 5.27 | ||
Upper BP | No (n = 568) | 42.70 ± 9.39 | 24.36 ± 7.86 * | 106.93 ± 5.50 | |
Yes (n = 10) | 43.60 ± 6.65 | 19.00 ± 10.08 | 105.20 ± 8.23 | ||
Mid-BP | No (n = 533) | 42.66 ± 9.54 | 24.38 ± 7.87 | 106.93 ± 5.55 | |
Yes (n = 45) | 43.33 ± 6.77 | 22.93 ± 8.50 | 106.53 ± 5.70 | ||
LBP | No (n = 561) | 42.62 ± 9.38 | 24.35 ± 7.90 | 106.97 ± 5.54 | |
Yes (n = 17) | 46.00 ± 7.87 | 21.41 ± 8.54 | 104.47 ± 5.50 |
Variable | Categories | LSA | Lumbar Curve | OR * | SE | 95% CI | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<107° | ≥107° | <23° | ≥23° | ||||||
BP (year) | No (n = 516) | 39.2% | 60.8% | - | - | 1.059 (small) | 0.018 | 1.021 to 1.097 | 0.002 |
Yes (n = 62) | 28.5% | 71.5% | - | - | |||||
MB pain (year) | No (n = 508) | 62.2% | 37.8% | - | - | 1.069 (small) | 0.023 | 1.021 to 1.118 | 0.004 |
Yes (n = 69) | 71.0% | 29.0% | - | - | |||||
LBP (year) | No (n = 525) | 62.1% | 37.9% | - | - | 1.054 (small) | 0.026 | 1.001 to 1.109 | 0.045 |
Yes (n = 51) | 74.5% | 25.5% | - | - | |||||
UB pain (week) | No (n = 568) | - | - | 49.3% | 50.7% | 1.082 (small) | 0.026 | 1.005 to 1.116 | 0.036 |
Yes (n = 10) | - | - | 20.0% | 80.0% |
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Sainz de Baranda, P.; Cejudo, A.; Martínez-Romero, M.T.; Aparicio-Sarmiento, A.; Rodríguez-Ferrán, O.; Collazo-Diéguez, M.; Hurtado-Avilés, J.; Andújar, P.; Santonja-Medina, F. Sitting Posture, Sagittal Spinal Curvatures and Back Pain in 8 to 12-Year-Old Children from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS Programme. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2578. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072578
Sainz de Baranda P, Cejudo A, Martínez-Romero MT, Aparicio-Sarmiento A, Rodríguez-Ferrán O, Collazo-Diéguez M, Hurtado-Avilés J, Andújar P, Santonja-Medina F. Sitting Posture, Sagittal Spinal Curvatures and Back Pain in 8 to 12-Year-Old Children from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS Programme. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(7):2578. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072578
Chicago/Turabian StyleSainz de Baranda, Pilar, Antonio Cejudo, María Teresa Martínez-Romero, Alba Aparicio-Sarmiento, Olga Rodríguez-Ferrán, Mónica Collazo-Diéguez, José Hurtado-Avilés, Pilar Andújar, and Fernando Santonja-Medina. 2020. "Sitting Posture, Sagittal Spinal Curvatures and Back Pain in 8 to 12-Year-Old Children from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS Programme" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2578. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072578