Identification of a New Heavy-Metal-Resistant Strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus Isolated from a Hydrothermally Active Volcanic Area in Southern Italy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Strain Isolation and Molecular Identification
Neighbor-Joining Tree Development
2.3. Geobacillus stearothermophilus Physiological Analyses
2.3.1. Determination of Optimal Growth Conditions
2.3.2. Antibiotic Susceptibility
2.3.3. Heavy-Metal Resistance
2.3.4. Evaluation of As(V) Biotransformation
2.3.5. Bioinformatic Analysis
2.3.6. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Geochemical Characterization of the Sampling Site
3.2. Isolation and Identification of Geobacillus stearothermophilus GF16
3.3. Metal Ion Resistance and Antibiotic Susceptibility in G. stearothermophilus GF16
3.4. Bionformatic Analyses
3.5. Analysis of Cellular Morphology
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Metal Ions | mM | ± |
---|---|---|
As(III) | 1.90 | 0.10 |
As(V) | 117 | 3.00 |
Cd(II) | 0.90 | 0.10 |
Co(II) | 2.00 | 0.50 |
Co(III) | 2.75 | 0.25 |
Cr(VI) | 0.25 | 0.01 |
Cu(II) | 4.10 | 0.10 |
Hg(II) | 0.02 | 0.00 |
Ni(II) | 1.30 | 0.10 |
V(V) | 128 | 2.00 |
Organism | Strain | Origin | Genome Size (Mb) | CG% | Gene | Protein | BioProject |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Geobacillus stearothermophilus | 10 | Yellowstone thermal spring | 3.67 | 52.61 | 3645 | 3312 | PRJNA252389 |
Geobacillus stearothermophilus | DSM458 | Austria sugar beet factory | 3.46 | 52.10 | 3683 | 3165 | PRJNA327158 |
Geobacillus stearothermophilus | B5 | China rice stack | 3.39 | 52.50 | 3426 | 3045 | PRJNA513473 |
Geobacillus stearothermophilus 10 (PRJNA252389) | Geobacillus stearothermophilus DSM458 (PRJNA327158) | Geobacillus stearothermophilus B5 (PRJNA513473) | |
---|---|---|---|
Putative Proteins | Locus | Locus | Locus |
ArsR | GT50_RS07590 | EPB69_RS07030 | |
EPB69_RS15665 | |||
EPB69_RS15730 | |||
ArsB | GT50_RS07510 | GS458_RS16835 | EPB69_RS15660 |
ArsC | GT50_RS07505 | GS458_RS16830 | EPB69_RS15655 |
GT50_RS06280 | GS458_RS15800 | ||
CadA | GT50_RS12470 | GS458_RS03700 | EPB69_RS03440 |
CadC | GT50_RS12465 | GS458_RS03695 | EPB69_RS03435 |
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Puopolo, R.; Gallo, G.; Mormone, A.; Limauro, D.; Contursi, P.; Piochi, M.; Bartolucci, S.; Fiorentino, G. Identification of a New Heavy-Metal-Resistant Strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus Isolated from a Hydrothermally Active Volcanic Area in Southern Italy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082678
Puopolo R, Gallo G, Mormone A, Limauro D, Contursi P, Piochi M, Bartolucci S, Fiorentino G. Identification of a New Heavy-Metal-Resistant Strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus Isolated from a Hydrothermally Active Volcanic Area in Southern Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(8):2678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082678
Chicago/Turabian StylePuopolo, Rosanna, Giovanni Gallo, Angela Mormone, Danila Limauro, Patrizia Contursi, Monica Piochi, Simonetta Bartolucci, and Gabriella Fiorentino. 2020. "Identification of a New Heavy-Metal-Resistant Strain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus Isolated from a Hydrothermally Active Volcanic Area in Southern Italy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082678