Proximity to Screening Site, Rurality, and Neighborhood Disadvantage: Treatment Status among Individuals with Sexually Transmitted Infections in Yakima County, Washington
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Study Design and Participants
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Outcome Variables
2.3.2. Explanatory Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Total (No. (%)) | Treatment Received | Days Until Treatment * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (15,313, 95%) | No (762, 5%) | |||
Proximity | ||||
≤5 Miles | 9676 (60.19) | 9244 (60.37) | 432 (56.59) | 4.19 (7.53) |
5 < x < 10 Miles | 3123 (19.43) | 2981 (19.47) | 142 (18.64) | 4.48 (14.88) |
≥10 Miles | 3276 (20.38) | 3088 (20.17) | 188 (24.67) | 4.90 (10.26) |
RUCA | ||||
Metropolitan | 12,700 (79.00) | 12,138 (79.27) | 562 (73.75) | 4.10 (7.37) |
Micropolitan, Small town, or Rural | 3375 (21.00) | 3175 (20.73) | 200 (26.25) | 5.51 (16.32) |
Area deprivation index * | 9.11 (1.44) | 9.11 (1.45) | 9.20 (1.27) | 9.11 (1.44) |
Age * | 24.87 (8.10) | 24.90 (8.11) | 24.24 (7.84) | 24.87 (8.10) |
Gender | ||||
Male | 4435 (27.59) | 4260 (27.82) | 175 (22.97) | 3.43 (13.17) |
Female | 11,635 (72.38) | 11,049 (72.15) | 586 (76.90) | 4.76 (8.33) |
Unknown | 5 (0.03) | 4 (0.03) | 1 (0.13) | 3.50 (3.79) |
Race | ||||
White | 7435 (46.25) | 7080 (46.24) | 355 (46.59) | 4.31 (11.52) |
Non-white | 4702 (29.25) | 4497 (29.37) | 205 (26.90) | 4.94 (9.99) |
Unknown | 3938 (24.50) | 3736 (24.40) | 202 (26.51) | 3.89 (5.65) |
Ethnicity | ||||
Non-Hispanic | 4575 (28.46) | 4357 (28.45) | 218 (28.61) | 4.04 (7.17) |
Hispanic | 8575 (53.34) | 8219 (53.67) | 356 (46.72) | 4.77 (11.84) |
Unknown | 2925 (18.20) | 2737 (17.87) | 188 (24.67) | 3.8 (6.93) |
Characteristics | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
Proximity | ||||
≤5 Miles | Reference | Reference | ||
5 < x < 10 Miles | 1.01 (0.82–1.25) | 0.91 | 1.00 (0.80–1.24) | 0.99 |
≥10 Miles | 1.27 (1.05–1.53) | 0.01 | 1.27 (1.05–1.53) | 0.02 |
RUCA | ||||
Metropolitan | Reference | Reference | ||
Micropolitan, Small town, or Rural | 1.40 (1.13–1.72) | 0.002 | 1.49 (1.20–1.86) | <0.001 |
Area deprivation index | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) | 0.07 | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | 0.02 |
Age | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | 0.03 | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | 0.04 |
Gender | ||||
Male | Reference | Reference | ||
Female | 1.27 (1.07–1.51) | 0.01 | 1.25 (1.05–1.50) | 0.01 |
Race | ||||
White | Reference | Reference | ||
Non-white | 0.88 (0.74–1.06) | 0.18 | 0.85 (0.70–1.02) | 0.08 |
Unknown | 1.09 (0.91–1.30) | 0.37 | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | 0.54 |
Ethnicity | ||||
Non-Hispanic | Reference | Reference | ||
Hispanic | 0.84 (0.70–1.00) | 0.06 | 0.77 (0.63–0.93) | 0.01 |
Unknown | 1.38 (1.13–1.69) | 0.002 | 1.41 (1.12–1.78) | 0.003 |
Characteristics | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
Proximity | ||||
≤5 Miles | Reference | Reference | ||
5 < x < 10 Miles | 0.99 (0.93–1.04) | 0.68 | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.89 |
≥10 Miles | 1.10 (1.05–1.16) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.07–1.18) | <0.001 |
RUCA | ||||
Metropolitan | Reference | Reference | ||
Micropolitan, Small town, or Rural | 1.33 (1.23–1.43) | <0.001 | 1.23 (1.14–1.33) | <0.001 |
Area deprivation index | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) | 0.002 | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.14 |
Age | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | <0.001 |
Gender | ||||
Male | Reference | Reference | ||
Female | 1.42 (1.36–1.47) | <0.001 | 1.38 (1.32–1.43) | <0.001 |
Race | ||||
White | Reference | Reference | ||
Non-white | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.06–1.15) | <0.001 |
Unknown | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.88–0.97) | 0.002 |
Ethnicity | ||||
Non-Hispanic | Reference | Reference | ||
Hispanic | 1.12 (1.08–1.17) | <0.001 | 1.11 (1.06–1.16) | <0.001 |
Unknown | 0.93 (0.89–0.98) | 0.01 | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.85 |
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Amiri, S.; Pham, C.D.; Amram, O.; Alcover, K.C.; Oluwoye, O.; Bravo, L.; Sixberry, M.; McDonell, M.G.; Roll, J.M.; Fresco, A. Proximity to Screening Site, Rurality, and Neighborhood Disadvantage: Treatment Status among Individuals with Sexually Transmitted Infections in Yakima County, Washington. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082679
Amiri S, Pham CD, Amram O, Alcover KC, Oluwoye O, Bravo L, Sixberry M, McDonell MG, Roll JM, Fresco A. Proximity to Screening Site, Rurality, and Neighborhood Disadvantage: Treatment Status among Individuals with Sexually Transmitted Infections in Yakima County, Washington. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(8):2679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082679
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmiri, Solmaz, Christine D. Pham, Ofer Amram, Karl C. Alcover, Oladunni Oluwoye, Lilian Bravo, Melissa Sixberry, Michael G. McDonell, John M Roll, and Andre Fresco. 2020. "Proximity to Screening Site, Rurality, and Neighborhood Disadvantage: Treatment Status among Individuals with Sexually Transmitted Infections in Yakima County, Washington" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082679