Exploring the Environmental Exposure to Methoxychlor, α-HCH and Endosulfan–sulfate Residues in Lake Naivasha (Kenya) Using a Multimedia Fate Modeling Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Acquisition
2.2. Environment Characteristics
2.3. Pesticides Properties
2.4. Sensitivity Analysis and Calibration
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compounds | α-HCH | Endosulfan–Sulfate | Methoxychlor | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Property | Initial Value | Fitted Value | Initial Value | Fitted Value | Initial Value | Fitted Value |
KOC | 3257 | 3151.71 | 1874 | 2771 | 35,000 | 49,292 |
logKow | 3.9 | 3.72 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 5.08 |
Half-life water(hrs) | 7884 | 8600 | 3600 | 5800 | 7200 | 8800 |
Half-life sed. (hrs) | 9600 | 10,000 | 4270 | 6400 | 8500 | 10000 |
KAW | 0.42 | 0.52 | 0.003 | 0.0054 | 0.000781 | 0.000781 |
Molar mass (g/mol) | 290.83 | 290.83 | 422.9 | 422.9 | 345 | 345 |
Melting point (°C) | 159 | 159 | 181.5 | 181.5 | 87 | 87 |
Vapor pressure (Pa) | 0.0033 | 0.0033 | 0.000037 | 0.000037 | 0.0056 | 0.0056 |
solubility in water (mg/l) | 2 | 2 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 1 | 1 |
Henry’s law constant | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.071 | 0.071 | 1.93 | 1.93 |
Property | Initial Value | Fitted Value |
---|---|---|
Surface area (m2) | 145 × 10 6 | 145 × 10 6 |
volume (m3) | 850 × 10 6 | 850 × 10 6 |
Mean lake depth (m) | 6 | 6 |
Organic C fraction in sediment (g/g) | 0.045 | 0.03 |
sed. active layer(m) | 0.0075 | 0.005 |
Sediment deposition rate(g/m2.day) | 1.815 | 1.21 |
Sediment burial rate(g/m2.day) | 0.75 | 0.5 |
Sediment resuspension rate (g/m2.day) | 0.06 | 0.04 |
Aerosol dry deposition rate(m/h) | 10 | 30 |
Pesticide | Con. In Water (ng/L) | Con. in sed. (ng/g dry wt.) | Mass in Water (kg) | Mass in sed. (kg) | Fraction in Water (%) | Fraction in sed. (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
α-HCH | 21.80 | 0.019 | 18.50 | 0.020 | 99 | <1 |
Endosulfan–sulfate | 30.00 | 1.600 | 25.50 | 0.560 | 97.8 | 2.21 |
Methoxychlor | 4.46 | 4.650 | 3.80 | 1.620 | 70.1 | 29.9 |
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Abbasi, Y.; Mannaerts, C.M. Exploring the Environmental Exposure to Methoxychlor, α-HCH and Endosulfan–sulfate Residues in Lake Naivasha (Kenya) Using a Multimedia Fate Modeling Approach. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082727
Abbasi Y, Mannaerts CM. Exploring the Environmental Exposure to Methoxychlor, α-HCH and Endosulfan–sulfate Residues in Lake Naivasha (Kenya) Using a Multimedia Fate Modeling Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(8):2727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082727
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbbasi, Yasser, and Chris M. Mannaerts. 2020. "Exploring the Environmental Exposure to Methoxychlor, α-HCH and Endosulfan–sulfate Residues in Lake Naivasha (Kenya) Using a Multimedia Fate Modeling Approach" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2727. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082727