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Article

Blood Pressure and Tooth Loss: A Large Cross-Sectional Study with Age Mediation Analysis

by
José João Mendes
1,2,
João Viana
1,
Filipe Cruz
1,
Dinis Pereira
1,
Sílvia Ferreira
3,
Paula Pereira
4,
Luís Proença
2,5,
Vanessa Machado
1,2,
João Botelho
1,2,*,
João Rua
1 and
Ana Sintra Delgado
1
1
Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
2
Evidenced-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
3
Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, 1449-005 Lisboa, Portugal
4
Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição Aplicada (GENA), CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
5
Quantitative Methods for Health Research (MQIS), CiiEM, Egas Moniz—Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(1), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010285
Submission received: 11 December 2020 / Revised: 29 December 2020 / Accepted: 29 December 2020 / Published: 2 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Diseases)
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Abstract

We aimed to investigate the association between blood pressure (BP) and tooth loss and the mediation effect of age. A cross-sectional study from a reference dental hospital was conducted from September 2017 to July 2020. Single measures of BP were taken via an automated sphygmomanometer device. Tooth loss was assessed through oral examination and confirmed radiographically. Severe tooth loss was defined as 10 or more teeth lost. Additional study covariates were collected via sociodemographic and medical questionnaires. A total of 10,576 patients were included. Hypertension was more prevalent in severe tooth loss patients than nonsevere tooth lost (56.1% vs. 39.3%, p < 0.001). The frequency of likely undiagnosed hypertension was 43.4%. The adjusted logistic model for sex, smoking habits and body mass index confirmed the association between continuous measures of high BP and continuous measures of tooth loss (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03–1.06, p < 0.001). Age mediated 80.0% and 87.5% of the association between periodontitis with both systolic BP (p < 0.001) and diastolic BP (p < 0.001), respectively. Therefore, hypertension and tooth loss are associated, with a consistent mediation effect of age. Frequency of undiagnosed hypertension was elevated. Age, gender, active smoking, and BMI were independently associated with raised BP.
Keywords: hypertension; high blood pressure; oral health; dental medicine; public health; Edentulism; tooth loss; age; mediation analysis hypertension; high blood pressure; oral health; dental medicine; public health; Edentulism; tooth loss; age; mediation analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mendes, J.J.; Viana, J.; Cruz, F.; Pereira, D.; Ferreira, S.; Pereira, P.; Proença, L.; Machado, V.; Botelho, J.; Rua, J.; et al. Blood Pressure and Tooth Loss: A Large Cross-Sectional Study with Age Mediation Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010285

AMA Style

Mendes JJ, Viana J, Cruz F, Pereira D, Ferreira S, Pereira P, Proença L, Machado V, Botelho J, Rua J, et al. Blood Pressure and Tooth Loss: A Large Cross-Sectional Study with Age Mediation Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(1):285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010285

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mendes, José João, João Viana, Filipe Cruz, Dinis Pereira, Sílvia Ferreira, Paula Pereira, Luís Proença, Vanessa Machado, João Botelho, João Rua, and et al. 2021. "Blood Pressure and Tooth Loss: A Large Cross-Sectional Study with Age Mediation Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010285

APA Style

Mendes, J. J., Viana, J., Cruz, F., Pereira, D., Ferreira, S., Pereira, P., Proença, L., Machado, V., Botelho, J., Rua, J., & Delgado, A. S. (2021). Blood Pressure and Tooth Loss: A Large Cross-Sectional Study with Age Mediation Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010285

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