Epidemiological Characteristics of Road Traffic Injuries Involving Children in Three Central American Countries, 2012–2015
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Sources
- Passenger in an MVC: the victim was a passenger in the MVC. This category excludes vehicles moved solely by human power, motorized wheelchairs, and motorcycles.
- Pedestrian in an MVC: the victim was along a road where the MVC occurred.
- Rollover in an MVC: the victim was in an overturned motor vehicle.
- Other: the victim fell from a motor vehicle in motion, the victim presents a combination of the previous categories, or the mechanism of the MVC is not otherwise classified.
2.2. Data Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Costa Rica | Guatemala | Panama |
---|---|---|---|
Area, km2 | 51,100 | 108,889 | 75,417 |
2018 population estimate, millions | 5.00 | 17.26 | 4.18 |
Population density, km−2 | 84.9 | 129.0 | 56.0 |
Proportion of White/Mestizo, % | 83.6 | 56.0 | 65.0 |
Minimum age for a driving permit, y | — | 16 | 16 |
Minimum age for a driving license, y | 18 | 18 | 18 |
2018 HDI | 0.79 | 0.65 | 0.80 |
2019 Gini coefficient | 47.8 | 48.3 | 49.9 |
2020 GDP (PPP) per capita, USD | 12,690 | 8,413 | 28,456 |
Economy | Upper middle | Upper middle | High |
Year | Costa Rica | Panama | Guatemala | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Injuries | Deaths | Injuries | Deaths | Injuries | Deaths | Injuries | Deaths | |
2012 | 759 | 10 | 1416 | 28 | 698 | 45 | 2873 | 83 |
2013 | 920 | 9 | 1283 | 25 | 607 | 39 | 2810 | 73 |
2014 | 869 | 10 | 1196 | 21 | 985 | 92 | 3050 | 123 |
2015 | 872 | 8 | 1335 | 22 | 1080 | 122 | 3287 | 152 |
Total | 3420 | 37 | 5230 | 96 | 3370 | 298 | 12 020 | 431 |
Year | Costa Rica | Panama | Guatemala | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CMR | CIR | CFR | CMR | CIR | CFR | CMR | CIR | CFR | |
2012 | 0.91 | 69.27 | 1.32 | 2.59 | 131.09 | 1.98 | 0.80 | 12.41 | 6.45 |
2013 | 0.83 | 84.63 | 0.98 | 2.30 | 117.87 | 1.95 | 0.69 | 10.77 | 6.43 |
2014 | 0.93 | 80.49 | 1.15 | 1.91 | 109.06 | 1.76 | 1.63 | 17.45 | 9.34 |
2015 | 0.75 | 81.21 | 0.92 | 1.99 | 120.83 | 1.65 | 2.16 | 19.15 | 11.30 |
Rate | Costa Rica | Panama | Guatemala | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | R2 | p | r | R2 | p | r | R2 | p | |
Mortality | −0.621 | 0.386 | 0.379 | −0.910 | 0.829 | 0.421 | 0.927 | 0.859 | 0.010 |
Injury | 0.613 | 0.376 | 0.495 | −0.563 | 0.317 | 0.161 | 0.870 | 0.757 | 0.015 |
Fatality | −0.735 | 0.541 | 0.132 | −0.968 | 0.937 | 0.523 | 0.947 | 0.898 | 0.027 |
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Núñez-Samudio, V.; Mayorga-Marín, F.; López Castillo, H.; Landires, I. Epidemiological Characteristics of Road Traffic Injuries Involving Children in Three Central American Countries, 2012–2015. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010037
Núñez-Samudio V, Mayorga-Marín F, López Castillo H, Landires I. Epidemiological Characteristics of Road Traffic Injuries Involving Children in Three Central American Countries, 2012–2015. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(1):37. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010037
Chicago/Turabian StyleNúñez-Samudio, Virginia, Francisco Mayorga-Marín, Humberto López Castillo, and Iván Landires. 2021. "Epidemiological Characteristics of Road Traffic Injuries Involving Children in Three Central American Countries, 2012–2015" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1: 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010037