Using an Activity Tracker in Healthcare: Experiences of Healthcare Professionals and Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Setting and Context
2.2. Activity Tracker
2.3. Participants
2.4. Data Collection
2.4.1. Conversations during Therapy about Measuring Physical Activity
2.4.2. Reflection Sessions with Psychosomatic Therapists
2.4.3. Semi-Structured Interviews with the Patients
2.5. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Therapists’ and Patients’ Characteristics
3.2. Use of the MISS Activity by Healthcare Professionals and Patients
3.2.1. Instruction
“With this activity tracker, we can objectively measure how active you are. The activity tracker will show us your actual physical activity level.”—Explanation from therapist 2 to patient 3 during a therapy session (audiotaped conversation)
3.2.2. Characteristics of the Activity Tracker
“The only thing the activity tracker does is measure your steps and active minutes. You can charge the activity tracker at home; you just need an outlet. It is super simple.”—Explanation from therapist 2 to patient 11 during a therapy session (audiotaped conversation)
3.2.3. Correct Functioning
“This [activity tracker] is much more reliable, it measures your steps from the couch to the kitchen, for example. Other apps and activity trackers don’t measure that accurately.”—Explanation from therapist 2 to patient 11 during a therapy session (audiotaped conversation)
3.2.4. Goal of the Activity Tracker and Use of the Activity Tracker
“Our goal when using the MISS Activity is to gain insight into your physical activity behavior during these weeks.”—Explanation from therapist 2 to patient 9 during a therapy session (audiotaped conversation)
“I have a client with heavy physiological problems and a client with traumas which I am assessing. There is no room for an activity tracker right now.”—Therapist 2 (reflection session)
“For a patient with a catastrophizing coping mechanism you could use graded activity or graded exposure and an activity tracker would certainly be of added value.”—PS Therapist 3 (reflection session)
“If we look at your data, the step count is really high. 40,000 steps a day is quite a lot. Do you feel comfortable with that?”—Question from therapist 1 to patient 10 during a therapy session (audiotaped conversation)
3.3. Experiences with the MISS Activity of Healthcare Professionals and Patients
3.3.1. Instruction
“We have a lot of sessions, so I have enough time to really explain the activity tracker. I notice that my clients are motivated and don’t mind taking time for the instruction because they want to know how it works.”—PS Therapist 1 (reflection session)
3.3.2. Characteristics of the Activity Tracker
“More than easy, you didn’t have to explain much about it. You push that button and swipe and it appears. There is nothing hard about it.”—Patient 5, female, 44 years (semi-structured interview)
3.3.3. Correct Functioning
“The activity tracker really measures the number of steps. I counted my steps and looked on the app and it was the exact number!”—Patient 5, female, 44 years (semi-structured interview)
3.3.4. Skills and Beliefs
“I had the opportunity to create insight; it is a nice measurement tool, clients like it in general, it can be motivating, and I like the app.”—Therapist 2 (reflection session)
“I really valued that I could see how my physical activity is related to my pain and fatigue.”—Patient 9, female, 25 years (semi-structured interview)
“I have to remember keeping my diary and, apparently, I am more active than I thought based on the activity tracker. I think I wouldn’t write all the activities in my diary. For example, when I run out of toilet paper, I walk to my basement to get some new rolls. I wouldn’t write that down as an activity.”—Patient 1, female, 35 years (semi-structured interview)
3.3.5. Goal of the Activity Tracker and Use of the Activity Tracker
“It is important to objectively know how physically active they [patients] are. They tell you they are very active but, if they aren’t active, that is non-accepting pain-coping.”—Therapist 3 (reflection session)
“They don’t want to talk about the activity tracker, because it is the core of their problem; they keep being too active and keep being chaotic. It really can be good to reflect on that.”—Therapist 1 (reflection session)
“You never know how physically active somebody is, so you always have to guess a goal. For example, with patient two, I thought he wasn’t active, so I set his goal in the assessment period at 1000 steps, but he walked 9000 steps.”—PS Therapist 1 (reflection session)
“We lowered the goal but in some way, it didn’t feel right. I just couldn’t do it, I couldn’t manage to take some rest, being active is part of my lifestyle.”—Patient 11, female, 35 years (semi-structured interview)
“People were very goal-oriented and kept walking to reach their goal, but they lost motivation because they got bored, but if they do something they liked they easily reach 4000 or 5000 steps.”—PS Therapist 2 (reflection session)
4. Discussion
4.1. Comparison to Other Studies
4.2. Methodological Quality
4.3. Clinical Relevance
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Category | Subcategory |
Purchase | Costs of the activity tracker [46] |
Costs of a subscription [63] | |
Compensation of healthcare insurance [63] | |
Possession of a smartphone [46] | |
Possession of a computer [54,63] | |
Available and clear information about the feasibility of the trackers [46,63] | |
Instruction | Required instruction from healthcare professional [28,39,46,48,63] |
Support [49,50,63] | |
Required technical skills [25,55,56,63] | |
Characteristics of the activity tracker | Installing and receiving data from the activity tracker [37,45,46,49,56] |
Measured variables by the activity tracker [45,54,55,56,57,58,63] | |
Interface [49] | |
Accessibility [36,37,44,49,63] | |
Wearing comfort [25,45,46,49,54,56,59,60] | |
Setting goals [25,45,61,62,63] | |
Complexity [25,36,37,39,55,63] | |
Feedback [25,46,55,56,57,58,60,63] | |
Robustness [25,49,63] | |
Correct functioning | Validity [39,45,49,55,56,57,59,60] |
Reliability [39,45,49,55,56,57,59,60] | |
Technical problems [25,39,49] | |
Skills and beliefs | Beliefs of healthcare professional [37,39,44,63] |
Beliefs of patient | |
Skills of therapist [28,29,31,54] | |
Skills of patient [36,37,39,63] | |
Sharing data and privacy | Interoperational [37,39,54,63] |
Possibility to share data [56,59,61,62,63] | |
Safely sharing data [45,49,56,60] | |
Warrant of privacy [63] | |
Insight into physical activity level by healthcare professional [45] | |
Authorization, authentication, license [63] | |
Goal of the activity tracker | Diagnosis [39,45,47,48,50,62] |
Assessment | |
Monitor [39,44,45,47,48,50] | |
Intervention [28,39,44,45,46,47,48,50] | |
Use of the activity tracker | Implementation in therapy [28,36,37,39,44,50,63] |
Implementation in clinical reasoning [28,36,37,39,44,46,50,63] | |
Interface [49] | |
Compliance by healthcare professional and patient [28,36,37,39,47,50,63] | |
Setting goals [55,58] | |
Choice of activity tracker | |
Discussing data [28,47,48] | |
Data interpretation | |
Feedback technical problems by patients [46,63] | |
Healthcare professional and patient relation from perspective of the healthcare professional [47,48,58,62,63] | |
Healthcare professional and patient relation from perspective of the healthcare patient [28,47,48] | |
Added value of the activity tracker [24,25,28,45,46,47,48,54,55,57,58] | |
Faith in measurements and measurements procedures [49,56,57,60,63] | |
Length of use |
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Data Collection | Use | Experiences |
---|---|---|
Conversations during therapy about measuring physical activity | X | |
Reflection sessions with psychosomatic therapists | X | |
Semi-structured interview with patients | X |
Characteristics | Participants (n = 11) |
---|---|
Gender, n male (%) | 2 (18%) |
Age in years, (median, range) | 44 (19–64) |
Number of weeks in therapy, median (range) | 9 (2–16) |
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Ummels, D.; Beekman, E.; Braun, S.M.; Beurskens, A.J. Using an Activity Tracker in Healthcare: Experiences of Healthcare Professionals and Patients. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105147
Ummels D, Beekman E, Braun SM, Beurskens AJ. Using an Activity Tracker in Healthcare: Experiences of Healthcare Professionals and Patients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(10):5147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105147
Chicago/Turabian StyleUmmels, Darcy, Emmylou Beekman, Susy M. Braun, and Anna J. Beurskens. 2021. "Using an Activity Tracker in Healthcare: Experiences of Healthcare Professionals and Patients" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5147. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105147