The Effect of a Mixed Circuit of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Body Composition in Older Adults—Retrospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Eligibility
2.2. Description of the Resistance-Aerobic Training
- -
- 1. Knee extensor muscles;
- -
- 2. Chest muscle training;
- -
- 3. Upper back muscle training;
- -
- 4. Stationary bike;
- -
- 5. Knee flexor muscles;
- -
- 6. Abdominal muscle training;
- -
- 7. Erector spinae training;
- -
- 8. Elliptical trainer.
2.3. Analysis of Body Composition
- Direct segmental measurement of body mass composition;
- 8-point tetra-polar tactile electrode system (2 electrodes of the left foot, 2 electrodes of the right foot, 2 electrodes of the left hand, 2 electrodes of the right hand);
- Frequency—20, 100 kHz;
- Volume—200 uA;
- Measurement duration—30 s;
- Body mass limit—5–250 kg;
- Age limit—1–99;
- Height limit—50–250 cm.
2.4. Ethical Issues
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Mean | SD | Median |
---|---|---|---|
<6 months | 2.15 | 2.02 | 2 |
6–12 months | 9.51 | 1.71 | 10 |
>12 months | 20.58 | 7.40 | 18 |
Parameters (m ± SD) | Training 2x/week | Training 3x/week | pa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total n = 36 | Women n = 23 | Men n = 13 | Total n = 28 | Women n = 16 | Men n = 12 | ||
Age years | 69 ± 6 | 68 ± 5 | 71 ± 8 | 71 ± 7 | 72 ± 8 | 70 ± 5 | 0.255 |
Body mass kg | 81.0 ± 16.6 | 76.8 ± 14.5 | 88.6 ± 18.1 | 81.2 ± 12.3 | 77.6 ± 10.5 | 86.0 ± 13.4 | 0.611 |
BMI kg/m2 | 28.7 ± 4.5 | 29.0 ± 5.0 | 28.1 ± 3.5 | 28.9 ± 3.9 | 29.9 ± 4.5 | 27.6 ± 2.8 | 0.670 |
SMM kg | 29.0 ± 7.1 | 25.2 ± 3.2 | 35.7 ± 7.3 | 28.9 ± 6.2 | 24.4 ± 1.0 | 34.8 ± 5.2 | 0.802 |
FAT kg | 28.4 ± 9.7 | 30.5 ± 10.1 | 24.6 ± 8.1 | 28.8 ± 9.4 | 32.5 ± 10.1 | 23.7 ± 5.5 | 0.887 |
TBW l | 38.6 ± 8.9 | 34.0 ± 4.0 | 47.0 ± 9.1 | 38.5 ± 7.8 | 33.0 ± 1.3 | 45.8 ± 6.7 | 0.929 |
LBM kg | 52.6 ± 12.1 | 46.2 ± 5.5 | 63.9 ± 12.4 | 52.4 ± 10.4 | 45.1 ± 1.7 | 62.3 ± 8.9 | 0.941 |
PBF % | 34.8 ± 8.1 | 38.9 ± 6.2 | 27.5 ± 5.5 | 35.2 ± 9.2 | 41.0 ± 7.8 | 27.5 ± 3.2 | 0.920 |
WHR | 0.9 ± 0.05 | 0.9 ± 0.05 | 0.9 ± 0.05 | 1.0 ± 0.05 | 0.9 ± 0.06 | 1.0 ± 0.03 | 0.178 |
VFA cm2 | 13.3 ± 4.7 | 14.5 ± 4.6 | 11.2 ± 4.1 | 13.7 ± 5.3 | 15.8 ± 5.5 | 11.0 ± 3.5 | 0.771 |
Parameters | Mean Differences between Baseline and Last Training Results (m ± SD) | pa | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2x/week | 3x/week | ||||
Body mass kg | −1.21 ± 2.76 | −1.3% | −1.95 ± 3.15 | −2.6% | 0.258 |
SMM kg | 1.49 ± 8.55 | +5.9% | −0.07 ± 1.19 | 0.0% | 0.720 |
FAT kg | −1.36 ± 3.37 | −3.7% | −1.90 ± 2.98 | −8.3% | 0.368 |
TBW l | −0.23 ± 2.09 | −0.7% | −0.02 ± 1.46 | −0.2% | 0.461 |
LBM kg | −0.32 ± 3.13 | −0.7% | −0.05 ± 1.98 | −0.2% | 0.650 |
BMI kg/m2 | −0.22 ± 1.07 | −0.6% | −0.54 ± 1.03 | −2.1% | 0.230 |
PBF % | −0.57 ± 2.22 | −1.4% | −1.97 ± 2.89 | −6.2% | 0.05 |
WHR | 0.00 ± 0.01 | 0.0% | −0.02 ± 0.02 | −1.6% | 0.006 |
VFA cm2 | −0.73 ± 2.02 | −4.0% | −1.14 ± 1.76 | −10.0% | 0.371 |
Parameters | Estimate a | SE | t | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
BMI kg/m2 | 0.28 | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.605 |
SMM kg | −0.63 | 0.57 | −1.10 | 0.273 |
FAT kg | −0.60 | 1.18 | −0.51 | 0.610 |
TBW l | −0.71 | 0.72 | −0.99 | 0.324 |
LBM kg | −1.01 | 0.99 | −1.02 | 0.309 |
PBF % | −0.78 | 0.86 | −0.91 | 0.364 |
WHR | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.839 |
VFA cm2 | −0.57 | 0.63 | 0.90 | 0.370 |
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Pieczyńska, A.; Zasadzka, E.; Trzmiel, T.; Pyda, M.; Pawlaczyk, M. The Effect of a Mixed Circuit of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Body Composition in Older Adults—Retrospective Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5608. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115608
Pieczyńska A, Zasadzka E, Trzmiel T, Pyda M, Pawlaczyk M. The Effect of a Mixed Circuit of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Body Composition in Older Adults—Retrospective Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(11):5608. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115608
Chicago/Turabian StylePieczyńska, Anna, Ewa Zasadzka, Tomasz Trzmiel, Małgorzata Pyda, and Mariola Pawlaczyk. 2021. "The Effect of a Mixed Circuit of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Body Composition in Older Adults—Retrospective Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5608. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115608