Effect of a Warm-Up Protocol with and without Facemask-Use against COVID-19 on Cognitive Function: A Pilot, Randomized Counterbalanced, Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Protocols
2.2.1. Attention Assessment
2.2.2. Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Concentration Performance
3.2. Total Number of Errors
3.3. Rate of Perceived Exertion
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | With Face Mask (EXP: N = 17) | Cohen’s D | Without Face Mask (CON: N = 17) | Cohen’s D | Main Effect | Interactions | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | p-value [η2] | p value [η2] | ||||
Concentration performance | PRE | 155.12 | 23.240 | 158.41 | 19.701 | ||||
POST | 186.06 | 15.470 | 1.3 | 178.12 | 13.665 | 1.0 | <0.001 [0.783] | 0.023 [0.151] | |
Total number of errors | PRE | 54.35 | 26.498 | 49.82 | 20.415 | ||||
POST | 23.47 | 14.496 | −1.2 | 29.06 | 13.736 | −1.0 | <0.001 [0.712] | 0.091 [0.086] | |
Rate of perceived exertion | PRE | 1.65 | 0.931 | 1.18 | 0.883 | ||||
POST | 6.00 | 1.369 | 4.7 | 4.71 | 0.849 | 4.0 | <0.001 [0.953] | 0.012 [0.181] |
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Slimani, M.; Miarka, B.; Znazen, H.; Moalla, W.; Hammami, A.; Paravlic, A.; Bragazzi, N.L. Effect of a Warm-Up Protocol with and without Facemask-Use against COVID-19 on Cognitive Function: A Pilot, Randomized Counterbalanced, Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5885. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115885
Slimani M, Miarka B, Znazen H, Moalla W, Hammami A, Paravlic A, Bragazzi NL. Effect of a Warm-Up Protocol with and without Facemask-Use against COVID-19 on Cognitive Function: A Pilot, Randomized Counterbalanced, Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(11):5885. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115885
Chicago/Turabian StyleSlimani, Maamer, Bianca Miarka, Hela Znazen, Wassim Moalla, Amri Hammami, Armin Paravlic, and Nicola Luigi Bragazzi. 2021. "Effect of a Warm-Up Protocol with and without Facemask-Use against COVID-19 on Cognitive Function: A Pilot, Randomized Counterbalanced, Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5885. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115885