Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients in Osaka, Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Population, Design, and Setting
2.2. Measurements
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Eligible Patients
3.2. The Description of Baseline Features
3.3. Weekly Incident Pattern of Children with COVID-19
3.4. The Description of Clinical Features
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factor | Total | Children | Adolescents | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(0–9 Years Old) | (10–19 Years Old) | ||||||
N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | ||
No. of patients | 1240 | 329 | 911 | ||||
Sex | |||||||
Boys | 676 | (54.5) | 164 | (49.8) | 512 | (56.2) | 0.047 a |
Girls | 564 | (45.5) | 165 | (50.2) | 399 | (43.8) | |
Geographic area | |||||||
Osaka City | 538 | (43.4) | 177 | (53.8) | 361 | (39.6) | <0.001 b |
Other areas in Osaka | 692 | (55.8) | 151 | (45.9) | 541 | (59.4) | |
Outside Osaka Prefecture | 8 | (0.6) | 1 | (0.3) | 7 | (0.8) | |
Unknown | 2 | (0.2) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (0.2) | |
Underlying medical conditions | |||||||
No | 1180 | (95.2) | 312 | (94.8) | 868 | (95.3) | 0.746 a |
Yes | 60 | (4.8) | 17 | (5.2) | 43 | (4.7) | |
Disease severity at diagnosis | |||||||
Asymptomatic | 296 | (23.9) | 124 | (37.7) | 172 | (18.9) | <0.001 b |
Mild | 872 | (70.3) | 175 | (53.2) | 697 | (76.5) | |
Moderate | 1 | (0.1) | 1 | (0.3) | 0 | (0.0) | |
Severe | 1 | (0.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (0.1) | |
Unknown | 70 | (5.6) | 29 | (8.8) | 41 | (4.5) | |
Surge | |||||||
First (~13 Jun.) | 79 | (6.4) | 32 | (9.7) | 47 | (5.2) | 0.012 a |
Second (14 Jun ~9 Oct) | 838 | (67.6) | 219 | (66.6) | 619 | (67.9) | |
Third (10 Oct ~) | 323 | (26.0) | 78 | (23.7) | 245 | (26.9) | |
Cluster | |||||||
No | 1152 | (92.9) | 297 | (90.3) | 855 | (93.9) | <0.001 b |
Child facility | 28 | (2.3) | 26 | (7.9) | 2 | (0.2) | |
University | 27 | (2.2) | 0 | (0.0) | 27 | (3.0) | |
School | 20 | (1.6) | 2 | (0.6) | 18 | (2.0) | |
Medical institution | 7 | (0.6) | 4 | (1.2) | 3 | (0.3) | |
Other clusters | 6 | (0.5) | 0 | (0.0) | 6 | (0.7) | |
Close contact | |||||||
No | 521 | (42.0) | 69 | (21.0) | 452 | (49.6) | <0.001 a |
Yes | 719 | (58.0) | 260 | (79.0) | 459 | (50.4) | |
Hospitalization | |||||||
No | 1082 | (87.3) | 268 | (81.5) | 814 | (89.4) | <0.001 a |
Yes | 150 | (12.1) | 60 | (18.2) | 90 | (9.9) | |
Unknown | 8 | (0.6) | 1 | (0.3) | 7 | (0.8) |
Factor | Total | 0–9 Years Old | 10–19 Years Old | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of hospitalized patients | 150 | 60 | 90 | ||||
Days to hospitalization, median (IQR) | 4 | (2, 7) | 3 | (2, 6) | 4 | (2, 7) | 0.437 a |
Length of hospital stay, median (IQR) | 8 | (6, 11) | 8.5 | (6, 12) | 8 | (6, 10) | 0.234 a |
Oxygen therapy, n (%) | 2 | (1.3) | 1 | (1.7) | 1 | (1.1) | 1.000 b |
Mechanical ventilator, n (%) | 1 | (0.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (1.1) | 1.000 b |
Intensive care unit, n (%) | 1 | (0.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (1.1) | 1.000 b |
Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | NA |
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, n (%) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | NA |
Death, n (%) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | NA |
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Katayama, Y.; Zha, L.; Kitamura, T.; Hirayama, A.; Takeuchi, T.; Tanaka, K.; Komukai, S.; Shimazu, T.; Sobue, T.; on behalf of the COVID-19 Epidemiology Research Group of Osaka University. Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients in Osaka, Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5911. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115911
Katayama Y, Zha L, Kitamura T, Hirayama A, Takeuchi T, Tanaka K, Komukai S, Shimazu T, Sobue T, on behalf of the COVID-19 Epidemiology Research Group of Osaka University. Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients in Osaka, Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(11):5911. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115911
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatayama, Yusuke, Ling Zha, Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Atsushi Hirayama, Taro Takeuchi, Kenta Tanaka, Sho Komukai, Takeshi Shimazu, Tomotaka Sobue, and on behalf of the COVID-19 Epidemiology Research Group of Osaka University. 2021. "Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients in Osaka, Japan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5911. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115911
APA StyleKatayama, Y., Zha, L., Kitamura, T., Hirayama, A., Takeuchi, T., Tanaka, K., Komukai, S., Shimazu, T., Sobue, T., & on behalf of the COVID-19 Epidemiology Research Group of Osaka University. (2021). Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric COVID-19 Patients in Osaka, Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5911. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115911