Neuropsychological Pattern in a Series of Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients in a Rehabilitation Unit: Retrospective Analysis and Correlation with Functional Outcomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Outcomes
2.2.1. Clinical Data, Disability and Degree of Independence/Need of Assistance in Basic ADLs
2.2.2. Neuropsychological Evaluations
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinical characteristics (n = 10) | |||
heading | Mean ± sd | Median (25th–75th percentile) | Normal value |
Age, years | 64.0 ± 13.7 | 65 (54–73) | |
CIRS 1, severity index | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.0 (1.8–2.9) | Lower scores (best) |
CIRS 2, comorbidity index | 5.6 ± 2.5 | 5.0 (5.0–8.0) | Lower scores (best) |
Barthel Index at admission, score | 41.0 ± 29.5 | 55 (9–60) | 0 (worse)–100 (best) |
Barthel Index at discharge, score | 78.9 ± 16.8 | 80 (68–96) | 0 (worse)–100 (best) |
Delta Barthel Index, score | 37.9 ± 31.1 | 33 (10–65) | |
FIM scale at admission, score | 70.3 ± 25.1 | 72 (49–92) | 0 (worse)–126 (best) |
FIM scale at discharge, score | 95.7 ± 26.0 | 103 (81–115) | 0 (worse)–126 (best) |
Delta FIM, score | 25.4 ± 21.7 | 23 (4–50) | |
Previous ICU, n (%) | 6 (50) | -- | |
Mean ICU stay, days (6 patients) | 26.1 ± 10.2 | 12 (9–51) | |
Normal premorbid state, n (%) | 10 (83) | -- | |
Symptoms duration, days | 75.0 ± 42.4 | 60 (45–105) | |
NA complete assessments (n = 7) | |||
Forward Digit span 0–9 | 5.13 ± 0.95 | 4.8 (4.4–6.1) | ≥4.26 |
Backward Digit span 0–9 | 3.94 ± 0.57 | 4.0 (3.6–4.4) | ≥2.65 |
Story test (early recall), z | −0.58 ± 1.11 | −1.2 (−1.4–0.3) | <−2 |
Story test (late recall), z | 0.24 ± 1.60 | −0.7 (−1.5–0.9) | <−2 |
TMT-a, score | 32.63 ± 22.41 | 30 (18–54) | ≤128 |
TMT-b, score | 96.17 ± 55.22 | 81 (56–141) | ≤295 |
FAB, score | 14.58 ± 2.22 | 15 (12–16) | ≥13.5 |
Phonemic verbal fluency test | 24.10 ± 6.60 | 23 (20–30) | ≥17.77 |
Semantic verbal fluency test | 38.11 ± 6.97 | 38 (33–44) | ≥28.34 |
Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test | 30.14 ± 7.81 | 34 (20–36) | ≥28.87 |
Clock drawing test * | 12.40 ± 2.70 | 14 (10–15) | ≥7.57 |
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Di Pietro, D.A.; Comini, L.; Gazzi, L.; Luisa, A.; Vitacca, M. Neuropsychological Pattern in a Series of Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients in a Rehabilitation Unit: Retrospective Analysis and Correlation with Functional Outcomes. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 5917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115917
Di Pietro DA, Comini L, Gazzi L, Luisa A, Vitacca M. Neuropsychological Pattern in a Series of Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients in a Rehabilitation Unit: Retrospective Analysis and Correlation with Functional Outcomes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(11):5917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115917
Chicago/Turabian StyleDi Pietro, Davide Antonio, Laura Comini, Lidia Gazzi, Alberto Luisa, and Michele Vitacca. 2021. "Neuropsychological Pattern in a Series of Post-Acute COVID-19 Patients in a Rehabilitation Unit: Retrospective Analysis and Correlation with Functional Outcomes" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5917. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115917