The Role of Adolescents’ Personal and Social Resources in Achieving Desired Emotional and Behavioral Outcomes during an Anxiety-Provoking Pandemic Outbreak
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Why the COVID-19 Outbreak May Be Particularly Challenging for Adolescents
1.1.1. Pandemic-Related Anxiety
1.1.2. Handwashing
1.2. Adolescents’ Positive Resources during the COVID-19 Outbreak
1.2.1. Positivity Ratio
1.2.2. Self-Control
1.2.3. Hope
1.2.4. Peer Social Support
2. Method
2.1. Sample and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Self-Control Skills
2.2.2. Positivity Ratio
2.2.3. Perception of Handwashing (before and during the Outbreak)
2.2.4. Hope
2.2.5. Pandemic-Related Anxiety
2.2.6. Peer Social Support
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Analyses
3.2. Path Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Self-Control | Hope | Positivity Ratio | Pandemic-Related Anxiety | Social Support | Handwashing | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before the Pandemic | During the Pandemic | ||||||
Range | −30–+70 | 10–64 | 0.36–3.80 | 8–53 | 12–72 | 0–12 | 0–13 |
M | 14.19 | 45.79 | 1.49 | 25.39 | 49.88 | 4.77 | 6.72 |
SD | 18.32 | 9.88 | 0.61 | 8.80 | 12.54 | 2.62 | 2.63 |
Paths | Estimate | StandardError | CriticalRatio | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Self-control | 🡢 | Social support | 0.225 | 0.038 | 5.876 | <0.001 |
Self-control | 🡢 | Hope | 0.438 | 0.035 | 12.541 | <0.001 |
Self-control | 🡢 | Mid-pandemic handwashing | 0.104 | 0.031 | 3.356 | <0.001 |
Self-control | 🡢 | Pandemic-related anxiety | 0.178 | 0.040 | 4.462 | <0.001 |
Self-control | 🡢 | Pre-pandemic handwashing | 0.177 | 0.039 | 4.589 | <0.001 |
Self-control | 🡢 | Positivity ratio | 0.268 | 0.040 | 6.695 | <0.001 |
Hope | 🡢 | Positivity ratio | 0.225 | 0.040 | 5.576 | <0.001 |
Social support | 🡢 | Positivity ratio | 0.079 | 0.036 | 2.166 | 0.030 |
Social support | 🡢 | Hope | 0.160 | 0.035 | 4.589 | <0.001 |
Social support | 🡢 | Pandemic-related anxiety | 0.164 | 0.037 | 4.390 | <0.001 |
Positivity ratio | 🡢 | Pandemic-related anxiety | −0.395 | 0.040 | −9.964 | <0.001 |
Pandemic-related anxiety | 🡢 | Mid-pandemic handwashing | 0.154 | 0.030 | 5.056 | <0.001 |
Pre-pandemic handwashing | 🡢 | Mid-pandemic handwashing | 0.575 | 0.031 | 18.601 | <0.001 |
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Bukchin-Peles, S.; Ronen, T. The Role of Adolescents’ Personal and Social Resources in Achieving Desired Emotional and Behavioral Outcomes during an Anxiety-Provoking Pandemic Outbreak. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 6280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126280
Bukchin-Peles S, Ronen T. The Role of Adolescents’ Personal and Social Resources in Achieving Desired Emotional and Behavioral Outcomes during an Anxiety-Provoking Pandemic Outbreak. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(12):6280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126280
Chicago/Turabian StyleBukchin-Peles, Shira, and Tammie Ronen. 2021. "The Role of Adolescents’ Personal and Social Resources in Achieving Desired Emotional and Behavioral Outcomes during an Anxiety-Provoking Pandemic Outbreak" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126280