Variability of Body Build and Physiological Spinal Curvatures of Young People in an Accelerated Longitudinal Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measurement Procedures
Procedures
2.3. Statistical Procedure
3. Results
4. Discussion
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Date of Examination | Women | Men | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Age S ± SD | Min–Max | n | Age S ± SD | Min–Max | |
2006 | 139 | 19.3 ± 0.5 | 17.8–20.7 | 119 | 19.4 ± 1.2 | 18–24 |
2007 | 230 | 19.7 ± 0.77 | 17.4–22 | 152 | 19.7 ± 1.01 | 18–23 |
2008 | 131 | 19.5 ± 0.67 | 17.8–23.2 | 99 | 19.1 ± 0.6 | 18–22 |
2009 | 99 | 19.9 ± 0.9 | 18.2–24.5 | 40 | 19.6 ± 1.1 | 18–24 |
2010 | 167 | 19.6 ± 0.6 | 18.3–23.1 | 89 | 19.5 ± 1.04 | 19–22 |
2011 | 163 | 19.1 ± 0.6 | 18–22 | 94 | 19.2 ± 1.06 | 18–24 |
2012 | 137 | 19.1 ± 0.7 | 18–23 | 71 | 19.1 ± 0.8 | 18–23 |
2013 | 62 | 19.6 ± 0.7 | 18.2–22.1 | 23 | 20.3 ± 1.1 | 19–23 |
2014 | 59 | 20.1 ± 0.6 | 18.8–20.9 | 72 | 19.1 ± 0.9 | 18–23 |
2015 | 75 | 20.3 ± 1.0 | 17.7–24.8 | 52 | 20.4 ± 0.8 | 18–23 |
2016 | 52 | 20.3 ± 0.6 | 18.7–21.5 | 29 | 20.1 ± 1.1 | 17–23 |
Total | 1314 | 19.7 ± 0.4 | 18.1–22.5 | 840 | 19.6 ± 1.2 | 18.2–23.5 |
Characteristic | Men (n = 840) | Women (n = 1314) | F | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min.–Max. | Min.–Max. | |||||
BH [cm] | 180.6 ± 6.3 | 161–202 | 168 ± 6.1 | 151.0–189.9 | 444.498 | 0.001 * |
BM [kg] | 74.9 ± 12.4 | 49.3–139 | 58.7 ± 8.8 | 39.4–108.5 | 131.066 | 0.001 * |
WC [cm] | 82 ± 8.8 | 52–118 | 70.9 ± 6.4 | 59.0–112.0 | 44.299 | 0.001 * |
HC [cm] | 80 ± 8.8 | 70 –91 | 95.7 ± 6.6 | 78.0–132.0 | 0.375 | 0.544 |
KTH [°] | 37.5 ± 8.5 | 9–64 | 35.7 ± 8.5 | 15.0–62.0 | 0.406 | 0.531 |
LL [°] | 30 ± 9.4 | 4–60 | 34.4 ± 8.6 | 10.0–60.0 | 6.774 | 0.002 * |
Participants | BH [cm] | BM [kg] | HC [cm] | WC [cm] | KTH [°] | LL [°] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | −0.37 | 3.62 | 1.14 | 2.96 | 46.87 | 14.64 |
Men | 0.23 | 1.81 | −2.81 | −1.37 | 43.26 | 12.65 |
Characteristics of Body Build and Body Posture | Men | Women | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min. | Max. | 10 | Min. | Max. | 10 | p | |
BH | −1.60 | 1.53 | 3.13% | −2.14 | 1.18 | 3.32% | 0.676 |
BM | −10.13 | 6.84 | 16.97% | −3.40 | 10.97 | 14.37% | 0.545 |
WC | −6.76 | 11.25 | 18.01% | −2.20 | 11.39 | 13.59% | 0.051 |
HC | −24.15 | 6.49 | 30.64% | −4.57 | 5.89 | 10.46% | 0.001 |
LL | −6.00 | 30.01 | 36.01% | −18.25 | 30.95 | 49.20% | 0.002 |
TH | 32.30 | 84.95 | 52.65% | −5.50 | 90.65 | 96.15% | 0.001 |
Characteristics of Body Build and Body Posture | Variable-Base Index (Iz) Min. [%] | Variable-Base Index (Iz) Max. [%] | Single-Base Index (Ij) Until 2006 [%] |
---|---|---|---|
Body height | 2012 to 2011 −3.8 | 2013 to 2012 4.7 | 1.3 |
Body mass | 2013 to 2012 −29.5 | 2012 to 2011 26.8 | 1.2 |
Waist circumference [cm] | 2012 to 2011 −27.2 | 2011 to 2010 24.3 | −2.3 |
Hip circumference [cm] | 2013 to 2012 −51.6 | 2012 to 2011 62.9 | −2.1 |
LL | 2015 to 2014 −57.5 | 2014 to 2013 50.2 | −16.5 |
Th | 2011 to 2010 −37.1 | 2007 to 2006 32.3 | 32.8 |
Characteristics of Body Build and Body Posture | Variable-Base Indices (Iz) Min. [%] | Variable-Base Index (Iz) Max. [%] | Single-Base Index (Ij) Until 2006 [%] |
---|---|---|---|
Body height | from 2012 to 2011 −3.5 | from 2013 to 2012 3.2 | −0.2 |
Body mass | from 2013 to 2012 −15.3 | from 2012 to 2011 15.2 | 7.9 |
Waist circumference [cm] | from 2013 to 2012 −12.4 | from 2012 to 2011 10.2 | 10.7 |
Hip circumference [cm] | from 2013 to 2012 −17.5 | from 2014 to 2013 18.3 | 1.9 |
LL | from 2015 to 2014 −75.1 | from 2014 to 2013 90.7 | 15.1 |
Women | Men | p-Value Kyphosis | p-Value Lordosis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Angle of Kyphosis | Angle of Lordosis | Angle of Kyphosis | Angle of Lordosis | ||
Height | 0.30 | 0.1 | 0.40 | −0.06 | 0.057 | 0.001 ** |
Body mass | 0.20 | 0.32 | −0.20 | −0.04 | 0.002 ** | 0.001 ** |
Waist circumference [cm] | 0.30 | 0.13 | −0.20 | 0.13 | 0.001 ** | 0.974 |
Hip circumference [cm] | 0.10 | 0.70 | −0.10 | 0.08 | 0.001 ** | 0.001 ** |
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Tuz, J.; Maszczyk, A.; Zwierzchowska, A. Variability of Body Build and Physiological Spinal Curvatures of Young People in an Accelerated Longitudinal Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 7590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147590
Tuz J, Maszczyk A, Zwierzchowska A. Variability of Body Build and Physiological Spinal Curvatures of Young People in an Accelerated Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(14):7590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147590
Chicago/Turabian StyleTuz, Jacek, Adam Maszczyk, and Anna Zwierzchowska. 2021. "Variability of Body Build and Physiological Spinal Curvatures of Young People in an Accelerated Longitudinal Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147590