Disparities in Cancer-Related Avoidable Mortality by the Level of Area Deprivation in South Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data and Study Population
2.2. Dependent Variable
2.3. Independent Variable
2.4. Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total | Less Deprived | More Deprived | Rate Ratio | 95% CI | Absolute Difference | 95% CI | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rate | 95% CI | Rate | 95% CI | Rate | 95% CI | |||||
Avoidable | 44.5 | (44.0–45.0) | 43.4 | (42.9–44.0) | 50.0 | (49.1–51.0) | 1.15 | (1.13–1.17) | 6.58 | (5.59–7.57) |
Preventable | 33.4 | (32.9–33.8) | 32.3 | (31.6–33.1) | 38.6 | (38.1–39.0) | 1.19 | (1.17–1.21) | 6.22 | (5.38–7.06) |
Treatable | 11.1 | (10.9–11.3) | 11.1 | (10.7–11.5) | 11.5 | (11.3–11.7) | 1.03 | (1.00–1.07) | 0.36 | −(0.05–0.77) |
Total | Less Deprived | More Deprived | Rate Ratio | 95% CI | Absolute Difference | 95% CI | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rate | 95% CI | Rate | 95% CI | Rate | 95% CI | ||||||||||
2015 | |||||||||||||||
Avoidable | 49.6 | (48.6–50.6) | 48.7 | (47.6–49.7) | 54.8 | (53.1–56.5) | 1.13 | (1.09–1.16) | 6.16 | (4.29–8.02) | |||||
Preventable | 37.8 | (36.9–38.8) | 36.8 | (35.9–37.7) | 43.2 | (41.6–44.9) | 1.18 | (1.13–1.22) | 6.44 | (4.75–8.14) | |||||
Treatable | 11.7 | (11.3–12.2) | 11.9 | (11.4–12.3) | 11.6 | (10.8–12.4) | 0.98 | (0.91–1.04) | −0.29 | −(1.13–0.56) | |||||
2016 | |||||||||||||||
Avoidable | 47.1 | (45.9–48.3) | 45.86 | (44.8–47.0) | 53.5 | (51.2–55.8) | 1.17 | (1.13–1.21) | 7.60 | (5.29–9.91) | |||||
Preventable | 35.7 | (34.7–36.7) | 34.5 | (33.5–35.4) | 41.9 | (40.1–43.7) | 1.22 | (1.17–1.26) | 7.43 | (5.58–9.29) | |||||
Treatable | 11.4 | (10.9–11.9) | 11.4 | (11.0–11.8) | 11.5 | (10.5–12.6) | 1.01 | (0.94–1.09) | 0.17 | −(0.83–1.16) | |||||
2017 | |||||||||||||||
Avoidable | 44.2 | (43.2–45.3) | 43.1 | (41.9–44.2) | 50.0 | (48.1–51.8) | 1.16 | (1.12–1.20) | 6.88 | (4.85–8.91) | |||||
Preventable | 33.1 | (32.2–34.0) | 32.1 | (31.2–33.0) | 38.0 | (36.4–39.6) | 1.18 | (1.13–1.23) | 5.89 | (4.20–7.57) | |||||
Treatable | 11.1 | (10.7–11.6) | 11.0 | (10.5–11.5) | 12.0 | (11.1–12.9) | 1.09 | (1.02–1.16) | 0.99 | (0.07–1.92) | |||||
2018 | |||||||||||||||
Avoidable | 41.1 | (40.1–42.1) | 40.3 | (39.2–41.3) | 45.9 | (44.2–47.7) | 1.14 | (1.10–1.18) | 5.67 | (3.76–7.57) | |||||
Preventable | 30.5 | (29.7–31.3) | 29.7 | (28.8–30.5) | 35.0 | (33.6–36.4) | 1.18 | (1.13–1.23) | 5.32 | (3.76–6.88) | |||||
Treatable | 10.6 | (10.1–11.1) | 10.6 | (10.2–11.0) | 10.9 | (10.0–11.9) | 1.03 | (0.96–1.11) | 0.34 | −(0.59–1.28) | |||||
2019 | |||||||||||||||
Avoidable | 40.9 | (39.8–41.9) | 40.0 | (39.0–41.0) | 46.0 | (44.0–48.0) | 1.15 | (1.11–1.19) | 6.01 | (3.99–8.03) | |||||
Preventable | 30.1 | (29.2–31.0) | 29.3 | (28.5–30.0) | 34.8 | (33.1–36.4) | 1.19 | (1.14–1.24) | 5.52 | (3.89–7.16) | |||||
Treatable | 10.8 | (10.3–11.2) | 10.8 | (10.4–11.1) | 11.2 | (10.3–12.2) | 1.05 | (0.97–1.12) | 0.49 | −(0.39–1.37) |
Avoidable Mortality * | Preventable Mortality * | Treatable Mortality * | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rate Ratio | 95% CI | Rate Ratio | 95% CI | Rate Ratio | 95% CI | ||||
Area deprivation level | |||||||||
Less deprived | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
More deprived | 1.13 | 1.11 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.13 | 1.19 | 1.03 | 0.98 | 1.07 |
Region | |||||||||
Metropolitan cities | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Provincial regions | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 0.98 | 1.06 |
Residents’ average length of residence | |||||||||
Less than 12 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
12 years or above | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.06 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 1.01 |
% of current smokers | |||||||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
High | 1.03 | 1.01 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.06 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 1.03 |
% of high risk alcohol drinkers | |||||||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
High | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.06 | 1.09 | 1.05 | 1.13 |
% of unmet need | |||||||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
High | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.95 | 1.03 |
% of depressive symptoms | |||||||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
High | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 1.06 |
Number of hospitals | |||||||||
Equal to or higher than average | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Lower than average | 0.98 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 1.03 |
Number of clinics | |||||||||
Equal to or higher than average | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Lower than average | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.07 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 1.07 |
Year | |||||||||
2015 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
2016 | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 0.94 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.93 | 1.03 |
2017 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.90 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 1.00 |
2018 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.91 | 0.87 | 0.96 |
2019 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.98 |
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Kim, W.; Jang, S.; Lee, G.; Chang, Y.J. Disparities in Cancer-Related Avoidable Mortality by the Level of Area Deprivation in South Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 7856. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157856
Kim W, Jang S, Lee G, Chang YJ. Disparities in Cancer-Related Avoidable Mortality by the Level of Area Deprivation in South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(15):7856. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157856
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Woorim, Seongkyeong Jang, Gangeun Lee, and Yoon Jung Chang. 2021. "Disparities in Cancer-Related Avoidable Mortality by the Level of Area Deprivation in South Korea" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 7856. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157856