Helicobacter pylori Infection: Comparison of Knowledge between Health Science and Non-Health Science University Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting and Participants
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Procedure for Data Collection
2.4. Ethical Consideration
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents
3.2. Comparison of Knowledge about H. pylori between Health Science and Non-Health Science Students
3.3. Factors Accociated with the Knowledge about H. pylori among Respondents
4. Discussion
5. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | Total Sample (n = 334) | Health Science (n = 189) | Non-Health Science (n = 145) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Age (Years) | ||||||
<20 | 94 | 28.1 | 52 | 27.5 | 42 | 29.0 |
20–30 | 211 | 63.2 | 116 | 61.4 | 95 | 65.5 |
≥30 | 29 | 8.7 | 21 | 11.1 | 8 | 5.5 |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 148 | 44.3 | 68 | 36.0 | 80 | 55.2 |
Female | 186 | 55.7 | 121 | 64.0 | 65 | 44.8 |
Field of study in the university | ||||||
Health colleges | 189 | 56.6 | 189 | 56.6 | - | - |
Applied Medical Sciences | 132 | 39.5 | 132 | 39.5 | - | - |
Nursing | 57 | 17.1 | 57 | 17.1 | - | - |
Non-Health colleges | 145 | 43.4 | - | - | 145 | 43.4 |
Sciences | 80 | 24.0 | - | - | 80 | 24.0 |
Computer Sciences | 65 | 19.5 | - | - | 65 | 19.5 |
University level | ||||||
Level 4 (Year II, Semester 2) | 147 | 44.0 | 83 | 43.9 | 64 | 44.1 |
Level 5 (Year III, Semester 1) | 38 | 11.4 | 24 | 12.7 | 14 | 9.7 |
Level 6 (Year III, Semester 2) | 50 | 15.0 | 23 | 12.2 | 27 | 18.6 |
Level 7 (Year IV, Semester 1) | 22 | 6.6 | 16 | 8.5 | 6 | 4.1 |
Level 8 (Year IV, Semester 2) | 77 | 23.1 | 43 | 22.8 | 34 | 23.4 |
No. of siblings at home | ||||||
No. siblings | 11 | 3.3 | 6 | 3.2 | 5 | 3.4 |
<3 | 99 | 29.6 | 55 | 29.1 | 44 | 30.3 |
4–7 | 187 | 56 | 106 | 56.1 | 81 | 55.9 |
>7 | 37 | 11.1 | 22 | 11.6 | 15 | 10.3 |
Family monthly income (1 USD = approx. 3.77 SR) | ||||||
Less than 2500 SR | 16 | 4.8 | 10 | 5.3 | 6 | 4.1 |
2500–5000 SR | 31 | 9.3 | 18 | 9.5 | 13 | 9.0 |
5000–10,000 SR | 73 | 21.9 | 38 | 20.1 | 35 | 24.1 |
More than 10,000 SR | 214 | 64.1 | 123 | 65.1 | 91 | 62.8 |
Do you drink coffee or tea? | ||||||
Yes | 309 | 92.5 | 171 | 90.5 | 138 | 95.2 |
No | 25 | 7.5 | 18 | 9.5 | 7 | 4.8 |
If yes, how many cups per day? (n = 309) | ||||||
Less than 2 Cups | 126 | 40.8 | 67 | 39.2 | 59 | 42.8 |
2–5 Cups | 166 | 53.7 | 93 | 54.4 | 73 | 52.9 |
More than 5 Cups | 17 | 5.5 | 11 | 6.4 | 6 | 4.3 |
What sources of drinking water does your family use? | ||||||
Tap water | 79 | 23.7 | 41 | 21.7 | 38 | 26.2 |
Bottled water | 200 | 59.9 | 114 | 60.3 | 86 | 59.3 |
Both | 55 | 16.5 | 34 | 18.0 | 21 | 14.5 |
Do you hear about H. pylori infection (a microbe which causes peptic ulcers)? | ||||||
Yes | 257 | 76.9 | 155 | 82.0 | 102 | 70.3 |
No | 77 | 23.1 | 34 | 18.0 | 43 | 29.7 |
If yes, what is the source of your knowledge? (n = 257) * | ||||||
Not applicable | 20 | 7.8 | 12 | 7.7 | 8 | 7.8 |
Family | 99 | 38.5 | 55 | 35.5 | 44 | 43.1 |
Mass media | 106 | 41.2 | 62 | 40.0 | 44 | 43.1 |
Reading articles | 160 | 62.3 | 100 | 64.5 | 60 | 58.8 |
Neighborhood | 13 | 5.1 | 9 | 5.8 | 4 | 3.9 |
Did you have previous history of H. pylori infection? | ||||||
Yes | 60 | 18.0 | 32 | 16.9 | 28 | 19.3 |
No | 274 | 82.0 | 157 | 83.1 | 117 | 80.7 |
If yes, have you been treated? (n = 60) | ||||||
Yes | 54 | 90.0 | 27 | 84.4 | 27 | 96.4 |
No | 6 | 10.0 | 5 | 15.6 | 1 | 3.6 |
Questions/Items | Health Science (n = 189) | Non-Health Science (n = 145) | p | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incorrect | Correct | Incorrect | Correct | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
1. Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) commonly found in the stomach is a (Bacterium) | 54 | 28.6 | 135 | 71.4 | 41 | 28.3 | 104 | 71.7 | 0.953 |
2. Which of the following is a sign/symptom of H. pylori infection? (Burning pain in the upper abdomen) | 86 | 45.5 | 103 | 54.5 | 60 | 41.4 | 85 | 58.6 | 0.452 |
3. A person suffering from H. pylori infection will experience which of the following? (Nausea) | 100 | 52.9 | 89 | 47.1 | 88 | 60.7 | 57 | 39.3 | 0.156 |
4. Which of the following is a risk factor for H. pylori infection? (Low socio-economic status) | 130 | 68.8 | 59 | 31.2 | 93 | 64.1 | 52 | 35.9 | 0.372 |
5. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for H. pylori infection? (Eating plenty of chilly and pepper) | 108 | 57.1 | 81 | 42.9 | 78 | 53.8 | 67 | 46.2 | 0.542 |
6. H. pylori infection can be passed from one person to another through which of the following ways/routes? (Oral route) | 109 | 57.7 | 80 | 42.3 | 74 | 51.0 | 71 | 49.0 | 0.228 |
7. H. pylori can be diagnosed by examination of (Breath test) | 142 | 75.1 | 47 | 24.9 | 101 | 69.7 | 44 | 30.3 | 0.266 |
8. Which of the following is a measure to prevent H. pylori infection? (Washing hands) | 91 | 48.1 | 98 | 51.9 | 75 | 51.7 | 70 | 48.3 | 0.518 |
9. If a person has H. pylori infection, he/she can be treated with (tablets) | 98 | 51.9 | 91 | 48.1 | 76 | 52.4 | 69 | 47.6 | 0.919 |
10. The duration of treatment for H. pylori infection is (one to two weeks) | 126 | 66.7 | 63 | 33.3 | 95 | 65.5 | 50 | 34.5 | 0.826 |
11. In order to avoid the recurrence of H. pylori infection, a person should (comply with the treatment plan) | 84 | 44.4 | 105 | 55.6 | 63 | 43.4 | 82 | 56.6 | 0.856 |
12. If your friend or relative is suspected of having H. pylori infection, he/she should seek immediate medical advice in which of the following conditions? (Persistent burning pain in the upper abdomen) | 94 | 49.7 | 95 | 50.3 | 61 | 42.1 | 84 | 57.9 | 0.164 |
13. Which of the following is true regarding H. pylori infection? (Some people with the infection do not experience any signs and symptoms) | 132 | 69.8 | 57 | 30.2 | 84 | 57.9 | 61 | 42.1 | 0.024 * |
14. What complication does H. pylori infection cause? (Gastric cancer) | 116 | 61.4 | 73 | 38.6 | 92 | 63.4 | 53 | 36.6 | 0.699 |
Overall Mean | 44.44 | 46.75 | 0.361 |
Q | Socio Demographic Data | Knowledge about H. pylori Infection | p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poor <50% (n = 184) | Fair 50–75% (n = 122) | Good ≥75% (n = 28) | ||||||
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |||
1 | Age (Years) | |||||||
<20 | 52 | 55.3 | 32 | 34.0 | 10 | 10.6 | 0.905 | |
20–<30 | 116 | 55.0 | 79 | 37.4 | 16 | 7.6 | ||
≥30 | 16 | 55.2 | 11 | 37.9 | 2 | 6.9 | ||
2 | Gender | |||||||
Male | 84 | 56.8 | 57 | 38.5 | 7 | 4.7 | 0.098 | |
Female | 100 | 53.8 | 65 | 34.9 | 21 | 11.3 | ||
3 | Field of study in the university | |||||||
Applied Medical Sciences | 76 | 57.6 | 50 | 37.9 | 6 | 4.5 | 0.227 | |
Nursing | 32 | 56.1 | 17 | 29.8 | 8 | 14.0 | ||
Sciences | 40 | 50.0 | 34 | 42.5 | 6 | 7.5 | ||
Computer Sciences | 36 | 55.4 | 21 | 32.3 | 8 | 12.3 | ||
4 | University level | |||||||
Level 4 (Year II, Semester 2) | 103 | 70.1 | 39 | 26.5 | 5 | 3.4 | <0.001 * | |
Level 5 (Year III, Semester 1) | 20 | 52.6 | 17 | 44.7 | 1 | 2.6 | ||
Level 6 (Year III, Semester 2) | 28 | 56.0 | 17 | 34.0 | 5 | 10.0 | ||
Level 7 (Year IV, Semester 1) | 9 | 40.9 | 9 | 40.9 | 4 | 18.2 | ||
Level 8 (Year IV, Semester 2) | 24 | 31.2 | 40 | 51.9 | 13 | 16.9 | ||
5 | No. of siblings at home | |||||||
No. siblings | 7 | 3.8 | 3 | 2.5 | 1 | 3.6 | 0.964 | |
<3 | 52 | 28.3 | 39 | 32.0 | 8 | 28.6 | ||
4–7 | 106 | 57.6 | 65 | 53.3 | 16 | 57.1 | ||
>7 | 19 | 10.3 | 15 | 12.3 | 3 | 10.7 | ||
6 | Family monthly income (1 USD = approx. 3.77 SR) | |||||||
Less than 2500 SR | 11 | 68.8 | 2 | 12.5 | 3 | 18.8 | 0.007 * | |
2500–5000 SR | 24 | 77.4 | 6 | 19.4 | 1 | 3.2 | ||
5000–10,000 SR | 46 | 63.0 | 22 | 30.1 | 5 | 6.8 | ||
More than 10,000 SR | 103 | 48.1 | 92 | 43.0 | 19 | 8.9 | ||
10 | Have you hear about H. pylori infection (a microbe that causes peptic ulcers?) | |||||||
Yes | 126 | 49.0 | 103 | 40.1 | 28 | 10.9 | <0.001 * | |
No | 58 | 75.3 | 19 | 24.7 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
12 | Do you have previous history of H. pylori infection? | |||||||
Yes | 20 | 33.3 | 28 | 46.7 | 12 | 20.0 | <0.001 * | |
No | 164 | 59.9 | 94 | 34.3 | 16 | 5.8 |
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Hafiz, T.A.; D’Sa, J.L.; Zamzam, S.; Dionaldo, M.L.V.; Mubaraki, M.A.; Tumala, R.B. Helicobacter pylori Infection: Comparison of Knowledge between Health Science and Non-Health Science University Students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8173. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158173
Hafiz TA, D’Sa JL, Zamzam S, Dionaldo MLV, Mubaraki MA, Tumala RB. Helicobacter pylori Infection: Comparison of Knowledge between Health Science and Non-Health Science University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(15):8173. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158173
Chicago/Turabian StyleHafiz, Taghreed A., Juliana Linnette D’Sa, Sahar Zamzam, Maria Liza Visbal Dionaldo, Murad A. Mubaraki, and Regie Buenafe Tumala. 2021. "Helicobacter pylori Infection: Comparison of Knowledge between Health Science and Non-Health Science University Students" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 8173. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158173