Home-Based Parent–Child Interaction Therapy to Prevent Child Maltreatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)
2.3. Training and Fidelity
3. Measures
3.1. Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory
3.2. Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory
3.3. Parenting Stress Questionnaire
3.4. Dyadic Parent–Child Interaction Coding System
3.5. Therapy Attitude Inventory
3.6. Statistical Analyses
4. Results
4.1. Sample Characteristics
4.2. Immediate Treatment Compared to Waitlist
4.3. Overall Treatment Effectiveness
4.4. Treatment Satisfaction
5. Discussion
5.1. Clinical Implications
5.2. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Means (SD) or Percentages | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N = 20) | IT (n = 10) | WL (n = 10) | p | |
Child characteristics | ||||
Age (years) | 5.7 (1.6) | 5.8 (1.9) | 5.6 (1.3) | 0.795 |
Gender (% male) | 70.0 | 60.0 | 80.0 | 0.628 |
Ethnicity (% non-Western) | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 1.00 |
Maltreatment history (% reported in client file) | 70.0 | 90.0 | 50.0 | 0.141 |
Family characteristics | ||||
Caregivers (% biological parent) | 70.0 | 40.0 | 100.0 | 0.011 * |
Family status (% single-parent) | 40.0 | 30.0 | 50.0 | 0.650 |
Family income (% poor or fair financial situation) | 45.0 | 20.0 | 70.0 | 0.070 |
Therapy characteristics | ||||
Dropout (% that not completed the 8-session protocol) | 15.0 | 10.0 | 20.0 | 1.00 |
Baseline (T0) | Post-Test (T1/T01) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measures | Group | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | F (1,10–14) | p | |
Child behavior | ||||||||||
ECBI Intensity | IT | 10 | 121.0 | 30.2 | 9 | 80.8 | 24.9 | 13.12 | 0.003 * | 0.502 |
WL | 10 | 131.3 | 40.6 | 8 | 136.3 | 46.0 | ||||
ECBI Problem | IT | 10 | 13.6 | 8.3 | 9 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 5.44 | 0.038 * | 0.312 |
WL | 9 | 19.4 | 7.5 | 7 | 19.4 | 10.4 | ||||
Child abuse potential | ||||||||||
BCAP risk scale | IT | 10 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 9 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.78 | 0.392 | 0.057 |
WL | 10 | 9.1 | 7.2 | 8 | 7.5 | 6.2 | ||||
Parenting stress | ||||||||||
OBVL-total (t-score) | IT | 10 | 59.9 | 11.7 | 9 | 48.7 | 8.3 | 2.46 | 0.141 | 0.159 |
WL | 10 | 69.6 | 6.6 | 8 | 67.6 | 9.3 | ||||
Parenting skills | ||||||||||
DPICS % Positive Following | IT | 9 | 9.7 | 7.9 | 8 | 36.0 | 12.1 | 18.30 | <0.001 * | 0.604 |
WL | 10 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 8 | 6.5 | 5.4 | ||||
DPICS % Negative Leading | IT | 9 | 38.0 | 12.9 | 8 | 11.4 | 10.3 | 15.55 | <0.002 * | 0.564 |
WL | 10 | 40.9 | 15.0 | 8 | 39.3 | 10.7 |
Pre-Test (T0/T01) | Post-Test (T1) | Follow-Up (T2) | Effect Size d | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measures | Group | n | M | SD | M | SD | p (T0–T1) | n | M | SD | p (T1–T2) | Within-Group T0–T2 |
Child behavior | ||||||||||||
ECBI Intensity | IT | 9 | 116.2 | 27.7 | 80.8 | 24.9 | 0.001 * | 9 | 84.1 | 28.0 | 0.206 | 1.15 * |
WL | 8 | 138.4 | 43.4 | 103.3 | 46.2 | 0.040 * | 5 | 101.2 | 28.6 | 0.698 | 1.01 * | |
Total | 17 | 126.6 | 36.6 | 91.4 | 37.1 | <0.001 * | 14 | 90.2 | 28.4 | 0.310 | 1.65 * | |
ECBI Problem | IT | 9 | 11.9 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 0.030 * | 9 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 0.236 | 1.53 * |
WL | 8 | 18.6 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 6.6 | 0.029 * | 5 | 12.8 | 5.1 | 0.675 | 0.74 * | |
Total | 17 | 15.1 | 8.8 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 0.001 * | 14 | 7.1 | 5.8 | 0.396 | 1.07 * | |
Child abuse potential | ||||||||||||
BCAP risk scale | IT | 9 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.030 * | 8 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.763 | −0.44 * |
WL | 8 | 7.3 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 6.1 | 0.912 | 5 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 0.178 | −0.05 | |
Total | 17 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 3.9 | 5.2 | 0.261 | 13 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 0.387 | 0.15 * | |
Parenting stress | ||||||||||||
OBVL-total | IT | 9 | 58.3 | 11.2 | 48.7 | 8.3 | 0.006 * | 8 | 49.1 | 12.3 | 0.964 | 0.78 * |
WL | 8 | 67.1 | 9.3 | 65.1 | 12.0 | 0.629 | 5 | 65.8 | 13.3 | 0.553 | 0.11 | |
Total | 17 | 62.5 | 11.1 | 56.4 | 13.0 | 0.025 * | 13 | 55.5 | 14.8 | 0.926 | 0.54 * | |
Parenting skills | ||||||||||||
DPICS % Positive Following | IT | 8 | 8.3 | 7.3 | 36.0 | 12.1 | <0.001 * | 8 | 31.3 | 15.6 | 0.269 | −1.89 * |
WL | 7 | 5.5 | 4.0 | 25.0 | 22.4 | 0.052 * | 4 | 26.5 | 27.0 | 0.340 | −1.09 | |
Total | 15 | 7.0 | 5.9 | 30.9 | 17.9 | <0.001 * | 12 | 29.7 | 18.9 | 0.690 | −1.62 * | |
DPICS % Negative Leading | IT | 8 | 38.5 | 13.6 | 11.4 | 10.3 | <0.001 * | 8 | 17.0 | 11.8 | 0.035* | 1.69 * |
WL | 7 | 39.3 | 10.7 | 23.2 | 16.7 | 0.132 | 4 | 15.1 | 11.0 | 0.419 | 2.23 * | |
Total | 15 | 37.7 | 12.0 | 16.9 | 14.5 | <0.001 * | 12 | 16.3 | 11.1 | 0.987 | 1.85 * |
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Abrahamse, M.E.; Tsang, V.M.W.; Lindauer, R.J.L. Home-Based Parent–Child Interaction Therapy to Prevent Child Maltreatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168244
Abrahamse ME, Tsang VMW, Lindauer RJL. Home-Based Parent–Child Interaction Therapy to Prevent Child Maltreatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(16):8244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168244
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbrahamse, Mariëlle E., Vionna M. W. Tsang, and Ramón J. L. Lindauer. 2021. "Home-Based Parent–Child Interaction Therapy to Prevent Child Maltreatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168244