The Effect of Group Music Therapy with Physical Activities to Prevent Frailty in Older People Living in the Community
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Sample and Settings
2.3. Intervention
2.4. Data Collection
2.4.1. Kihon Checklist (KCL)
2.4.2. Senior Fitness Test
2.4.3. Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE)
2.4.4. Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF)
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Study Limitations
4.2. Relevance to Clinical Practice
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Total | Intervention Group (n = 62) | Comparison Group (n = 60) | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | (%) | n | (%) | |||
Sex | 0.003 | |||||
Male | 27 | 7 | (11.3) | 20 | (33.3) | |
Female | 95 | 55 | (88.7) | 40 | (66.7) | |
Age (years, mean ± SD) | 73.90 ± 6.86 | 74.29 ± 7.53 | 73.50 ± 6.14 | 0.631 | ||
Education level | 0.168 | |||||
Illiteracy | 33 | 15 | (24.2) | 8 | (13.3) | |
Primary school/literate | 49 | 26 | (41.9) | 23 | (38.3) | |
Junior high school and above | 50 | 21 | (33.9) | 29 | (48.3) | |
Religious belief | 0.744 | |||||
Yes | 10 | 6 | (9.7) | 4 | (6.7) | |
No | 112 | 56 | (90.3) | 56 | (93.3) | |
Marital relationship | 0.144 | |||||
Yes | 49 | 29 | (46.8) | 20 | (33.3) | |
No | 73 | 33 | (53.2) | 40 | (66.7) | |
Children | 0.356 | |||||
Yes | 5 | 4 | (6.5) | 1 | (1.7) | |
No | 117 | 58 | (93.5) | 59 | (98.3) | |
Living with family and friends | 0.369 | |||||
Yes | 24 | 14 | (22.6) | 10 | (16.7) | |
No | 98 | 48 | (77.4) | 50 | (83.3) | |
Health behavior | 0.234 | |||||
Yes | 115 | 2 | (3.2) | 5 | (8.2) | |
No | 7 | 60 | (96.8) | 56 | (91.8) | |
Number of illnesses (mean ± SD) | 2.87 ± 2.31 | 3.23 ± 2.20 | 2.50 ± 2.52 | 0.092 | ||
Physical illness | 0.722 | |||||
Yes | 13 | 6 | (9.7) | 7 | (11.7) | |
No | 109 | 56 | (90.3) | 53 | (88.3) |
Variable | Intervention Group (n = 62) | Comparison Group (n = 60) | t | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
Kihon Checklist | ||||
Pre-intervention | 8.08 ± 4.82 | 6.57 ± 3.67 | 1.845 | 0.068 |
Post-intervention | 5.84 ± 4.15 | 6.65 ± 3.76 | −1.130 | 0.261 |
Paired t-test (p value) | 8.144 (<0.001) | −1.692 (0.096) | ||
Total physical fitness score | ||||
Pre-intervention | 18.37 ± 7.47 | 16.45 ± 4.30 | 1.748 | 0.084 |
Post-intervention | 21.95 ± 7.26 | 15.93 ± 4.11 | 5.654 | <0.001 |
Paired t-test (p value) | −7.961 (<0.001) | 4.305 (<0.001) | ||
BMI | ||||
Pre-intervention | 23.58 ± 3.51 | 23.82 ± 5.10 | −0.309 | 0.758 |
Post-intervention | 23.67 ± 3.49 | 23.90 ± 5.09 | −0.291 | 0.772 |
Paired t-test (p value) | 0.904 (0.369) | 3.113 (0.003) | ||
MMSE total score | ||||
Pre-intervention | 26.74 ± 2.45 | 26.88 ± 1.96 | −0.353 | 0.725 |
Post-intervention | 27.63 ± 2.25 | 26.72 ± 2.07 | 2.331 | 0.021 |
Paired t-test (p value) | 3.935 (<0.001) | −1.932 (0.058) | ||
Geriatric depression | ||||
Pre-intervention | 2.18 ± 2.24 | 2.10 ± 2.30 | 0.188 | 0.851 |
Post-intervention | 1.55 ± 1.52 | 2.10 ± 2.00 | −1.719 | 0.088 |
Paired t-test (p value) | −4.608(<0.001) | 0.000 (>0.999) |
Group (Ref. = Comparison Group) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-Mean | Post-Mean | F | p Value | Effect Size | |||
Variable | Intervention | Comparison | Intervention | Comparison | |||
Kihon posttest score | 8.08 | 6.57 | 5.20 | 7.31 | 63.509 | <0.001 | 0.350 |
Posttest BMI (kg/m2) | 23.58 | 23.82 | 23.78 | 23.78 | 0.000 | 0.997 | <0.001 |
Posttest total score of physical fitness | 18.37 | 16.45 | 21.21 | 16.70 | 89.260 | <0.001 | 0.431 |
Physical fitness sub-items | |||||||
1 Posttest lower limb muscle endurance (times) | 13.61 | 14.00 | 17.20 | 13.26 | 63.261 | <0.001 | 0.349 |
2.Pretest upper limb muscle endurance test (times) | 18.74 | 16.27 | 20.67 | 17.08 | 29.679 | <0.001 | 0.201 |
3 Cardiorespiratory endurance (times) | 66.48 | 78.57 | 83.40 | 71.59 | 18.263 | <0.001 | 0.134 |
4 Posttest lower limb flexibility-right (cm) | −1.95 | −2.47 | 0.84 | −2.47 | 53.289 | <0.001 | 0.311 |
5 Posttest lower limb flexibility-left (cm) | −1.61 | −3.12 | 0.53 | −2.92 | 41.138 | <0.001 | 0.259 |
6 Posttest static body balance-right (s) | 11.32 | 16.13 | 18.78 | 13.09 | 16.503 | <0.001 | 0.123 |
7. Posttest static body balance-left (s) | 10.36 | 12.41 | 16.32 | 11.53 | 8.148 | 0.005 | 0.065 |
8. Posttest upper limb flexibility (cm) | −8.41 | −8.53 | −6.43 | −8.81 | 17.483 | <0.001 | 0.129 |
9. Posttest functional mobility (s) | 13.11 | 10.68 | 10.44 | 12.52 | 63.878 | <0.001 | 0.351 |
MMSE posttest score | 26.74 | 26.88 | 27.72 | 26.63 | 21.029 | <0.001 | 0.151 |
Geriatric depression posttest score | 2.18 | 1.55 | 1.52 | 2.13 | 23.484 | <0.001 | 0.166 |
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Sun, F.-C.; Li, H.-C.; Wang, H.-H. The Effect of Group Music Therapy with Physical Activities to Prevent Frailty in Older People Living in the Community. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8791. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168791
Sun F-C, Li H-C, Wang H-H. The Effect of Group Music Therapy with Physical Activities to Prevent Frailty in Older People Living in the Community. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(16):8791. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168791
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Feng-Ching, Hui-Chi Li, and Hsiu-Hung Wang. 2021. "The Effect of Group Music Therapy with Physical Activities to Prevent Frailty in Older People Living in the Community" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16: 8791. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168791