Prevalence and Correlates of Muscle-Strengthening Activity Participation in Croatia: A Cross-Sectional Study in a National Representative Sample of 4561 Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Measures
2.1.1. Muscle-Strengthening Activity
2.1.2. Correlates of Muscle-Strengthening Activity
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Population Group | n | % |
---|---|---|
All | 4561 | 100.0 |
Sex | ||
Female | 2401 | 52.6 |
Male | 2160 | 47.4 |
Age | ||
18–24 years | 458 | 10.1 |
25–39 years | 1068 | 23.4 |
40–64 years | 2122 | 46.5 |
65+ years | 912 | 20.0 |
Urbanisation level | ||
Densely populated area | 1164 | 25.5 |
Moderately populated area | 1424 | 31.2 |
Sparsely populated area | 1973 | 43.2 |
Education level | ||
Low | 924 | 20.3 |
Medium | 2597 | 56.9 |
High | 979 | 21.5 |
Smoking status | ||
Non-smokers | 3220 | 70.6 |
Smokers | 1333 | 29.2 |
Alcohol intake | ||
Rarely or never | 2970 | 65.1 |
2–3 days per month | 437 | 9.6 |
1–2 days per week | 430 | 9.4 |
3 or more days per week | 702 | 15.4 |
Body mass index | ||
<18.5 | 87 | 1.9 |
18.5–24.9 | 1848 | 40.5 |
25–29.9 | 1801 | 39.5 |
≥30 | 825 | 18.1 |
Self-perceived health | ||
Very good | 1080 | 23.7 |
Good | 1640 | 36.0 |
Fair | 1149 | 25.2 |
Bad or very bad | 662 | 14.5 |
Population Group | % Meeting MSA Guidelines (95% CI c) | pd |
---|---|---|
All | 8.0 (7.2, 8.7) | |
Sex | <0.001 | |
Female | 5.4 (4.5, 6.4) | |
Male | 10.8 (9.6, 12.3) | |
Age | <0.001 | |
18–24 years | 20.1 (16.4, 23.8) | |
25–39 years | 11.8 (9.9, 13.7) | |
40–64 years | 5.7 (4.7, 6.6) | |
65+ years | 2.7 (1.7, 3.8) | |
Urbanisation level | <0.001 | |
Densely populated area | 11.4 (9.6, 13.2) | |
Moderately populated area | 8.0 (6.6, 9.4) | |
Sparsely populated area | 5.9 (4.9, 7.0) | |
Education level | <0.001 | |
High | 14.1 (11.9, 16.3) | |
Medium | 7.9 (6.9, 9.0) | |
Low | 2.1 (1.1, 3.0) | |
Smoking status | 0.546 | |
Non-smokers | 7.8 (6.9, 8.7) | |
Smokers | 8.3 (6.8, 9.8) | |
Alcohol intake | <0.001 | |
Rarely or never | 6.9 (6.0, 7.8) | |
2–3 days per month | 12.4 (9.3, 15.4) | |
1–2 days per week | 10.7 (7.8, 13.6) | |
3 or more days per week | 8.1 (6.1, 10.1) | |
Body mass index | <0.001 | |
<18.5 | 8.0 (2.3, 13.8) | |
18.5–24.9 | 10.2 (8.8, 11.6) | |
25–29.9 | 7.7 (6.5, 9.0) | |
≥30 | 3.4 (2.2, 4.6) | |
Self-perceived health | <0.001 | |
Very good | 14.7 (12.6, 16.8) | |
Good | 8.3 (7.0, 9.6) | |
Fair | 4.4 (3.2, 5.6) | |
Bad or very bad | 2.0 (0.9, 3.0) |
Population Group | Adjusted OR (95% CI b) | pc |
---|---|---|
All | ||
Sex | ||
Female | 0.51 (0.39, 0.66) | <0.001 |
Male | ref | |
Age | ||
18–24 years | ref | |
25–39 years | 0.49 (0.36, 0.68) | <0.001 |
40–64 years | 0.31 (0.22, 0.44) | <0.001 |
65+ years | 0.18 (0.11, 0.31) | <0.001 |
Urbanisation level | ||
Densely populated area | ref | |
Moderately populated area | 0.80 (0.60, 1.06) | 0.118 |
Sparsely populated area | 0.63 (0.48, 0.84) | 0.002 |
Education level | ||
High | ref | |
Medium | 0.50 (0.39, 0.64) | <0.001 |
Low | 0.23 (0.14, 0.38) | <0.001 |
Smoking status | ||
Non-smokers | ref | |
Smokers | 0.97 (0.76, 1.25) | 0.824 |
Alcohol intake | ||
Rarely or never | ref | |
2–3 days per month | 1.25 (0.89, 1.76) | 0.193 |
1–2 days per week | 1.28 (0.89, 1.84) | 0.187 |
3 or more days per week | 1.27 (0.91, 1.79) | 0.164 |
Body mass index | ||
< 18.5 | 0.80 (0.36, 1.77) | 0.574 |
18.5–24.9 | ref | |
25–29.9 | 0.95 (0.73, 1.24) | 0.708 |
≥ 30 | 0.55 (0.36, 0.86) | 0.008 |
Self-perceived health | ||
Very good | ref | |
Good | 0.72 (0.55, 0.93) | 0.013 |
Fair | 0.60 (0.41, 0.86) | 0.005 |
Bad or very bad | 0.37 (0.20, 0.68) | 0.002 |
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Radašević, H.; Čvrljak, J.; Pedišić, Ž.; Jurakić, D. Prevalence and Correlates of Muscle-Strengthening Activity Participation in Croatia: A Cross-Sectional Study in a National Representative Sample of 4561 Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 8905. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178905
Radašević H, Čvrljak J, Pedišić Ž, Jurakić D. Prevalence and Correlates of Muscle-Strengthening Activity Participation in Croatia: A Cross-Sectional Study in a National Representative Sample of 4561 Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(17):8905. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178905
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadašević, Hrvoje, Jelena Čvrljak, Željko Pedišić, and Danijel Jurakić. 2021. "Prevalence and Correlates of Muscle-Strengthening Activity Participation in Croatia: A Cross-Sectional Study in a National Representative Sample of 4561 Adults" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17: 8905. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178905