Child-to-Parent Violence, Peer Victimization and Cybervictimization in Spanish Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Child-to-Parent Violence
1.2. Victimization
1.3. Cybervictimization
1.4. Child-to-Parent Violence, Peer Victimization and Cybervictimization
1.5. The Present Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Analysis of Data
3. Results
3.1. Main Effects
3.2. Interaction Effects
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CPV | Low | Moderate | High | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Boys | n | 103 | 363 | 145 |
% | 7.9 | 27.8 | 11.1 | ||
Girls | n | 97 | 380 | 216 | |
% | 7.4 | 29.1 | 15.6 | ||
Total | n | 200 | 743 | 361 | |
% | 15.3 | 57 | 27.7 |
CPV | F (2, 1298) | ηp2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Moderate | High | ||||
CV | Relational | 1.19c (0.44) | 1.32b (0.48) | 1.51a (0.64) | 25.97 ** | 0.038 |
Overt | 1.01c (0.23) | 1.10b (0.24) | 1.18a (0.44) | 16.94 ** | 0.025 | |
PV | Relational | 1.57c (0.56) | 1.63b (0.57) | 1.76a (0.57) | 7.96 ** | 0.012 |
Overt physical | 1.24c (0.37) | 1.26b (0.35) | 1.29a(0.42) | 3.13 * | 0.005 | |
Overt verbal | 1.60c (0.61) | 1.73b (0.58) | 1.87a (0.61) | 14.35 ** | 0.022 |
Sex | ηp2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | F (1, 1298) | |||
CV | Relational | 1.33 (0.50) | 1.38 (0.57) | 0.64 ns | 0.000 |
Overt | 1.14 (0.35) | 1.10 (0.26) | 9.29 * | 0.007 | |
PV | Relational | 1.58 (0.52) | 1.72 (0.61) | 16.78 ** | 0.013 |
Overt physical | 1.32 (0.41) | 1.21 (0.33) | 24.71 ** | 0.019 | |
Overt verbal | 1.77 (0.58) | 1.73 (0.62) | 0.91 ns | 0.001 |
Sex | CPV | F | ηp2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Moderate | High | ||||
Overt CV | Boys | 1.08 (0.30)b | 1.11 (0.26)b | 1.27 (0.53)a | F (2, 1298) = 5.56 * | 0.008 |
Girls | 1.04 (0.09)b | 1.10 (0.22)b | 1.13 (0.36)b |
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López-Martínez, P.; Montero-Montero, D.; Moreno-Ruiz, D.; Martínez-Ferrer, B. Child-to-Parent Violence, Peer Victimization and Cybervictimization in Spanish Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179360
López-Martínez P, Montero-Montero D, Moreno-Ruiz D, Martínez-Ferrer B. Child-to-Parent Violence, Peer Victimization and Cybervictimization in Spanish Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(17):9360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179360
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez-Martínez, Paula, David Montero-Montero, David Moreno-Ruiz, and Belén Martínez-Ferrer. 2021. "Child-to-Parent Violence, Peer Victimization and Cybervictimization in Spanish Adolescents" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17: 9360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179360