Analysis of COVID-19 in Professionals Working in Geriatric Environment: Multicenter Prospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Population Selection
2.3. Diagnosis of Prevalent SARS-CoV-2 Infection
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic and Medical Data
3.2. Work-Related Characteristics
3.3. Clinical Presentation
3.4. Use of Personal Protective Equipment against COVID-19
3.5. Comparison between RTPCR+ and RTPCR− Groups
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Question | Response |
---|---|---|
1 | How old are you? | Value: |
2 | What is your sex? | □Woman □Man |
3 | What is your body mass index? | Value: |
4 | What is your smoking status? | □Non-smoker □Smoker |
5 | Did you receive a flu vaccine in 2019–2020? | □Yes □No |
6 | Is there more than one person living in your home? | □Yes □No |
7 | Do you live in a household with children? | □Yes □No |
8 | Do you live in a household with older person(s) (≥75 years)? | □Yes □No |
9 | What is your work in the unit/department? | □Physician □Nurse □Assistant nurses □Physiotherapist □Occupational therapist □Dietitian □Psychologist □Member of administrative staff □Other |
10 | In what unit/department do you work? | □AGU □GRU □NH □No fixed unit |
11 | Do you work full time? | □Yes □No |
12 | Are you occupying a night shift? | □Yes □No |
13 | How long have you been working in this hospital (years)? | Value: |
14 | Do you suffer from a chronic illness? | □Yes □No |
15 | In the last 6 months have you used (topically or orally) NSAIDs or corticosteroids? | □Yes □No |
16 | In the last 6 months have you had symptoms consistent with COVID-19? | □Yes □No |
17 | What symptoms have you had? | □Fever □Cough □Dyspnoea □Asthenia □Myalgia □Sputum production □Headache □Sore Throat □Nasal obstruction □Diarrhea □ Anorexia □Nausea □Anosmia □Ageusia □Another |
18 | What was the first symptom? | □Fever □Cough □Dyspnea □Asthenia □Myalgia □Sputum production □Headache □Sore Throat □Nasal obstruction □Diarrhea □Anorexia □Nausea □Anosmia □Ageusia □Another |
19 | How long did the symptoms last (days)? | Value: |
20 | Were you hospitalized because of these symptoms? | □Yes □No |
21 | Do you have residual symptoms? If yes, what are those symptoms? | □Yes □No Response: |
22 | Have you been tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by nasopharyngeal RTPCR test? | □Yes □No |
23 | If you were tested for COVID-19, what was the result of the RTPCR test? | □Negative □Positive |
24 | If you were tested, was the test performed before or after the start of symptoms? | □Yes □No |
25 | Did you go on sick leave?If yes, how long was your sick leave (days)? | □Yes □No Value: |
26 | Did you have a chest computed tomography scan? | □Yes □No |
27 | If yes, were the lung lesions compatible with a SARS-CoV-2 infection? | □Yes □No |
28 | What type of acquired infection do you suspect? | Response: |
29 | Were there COVID-19 cases in your entourage? | □Yes □No |
30 | Did these cases occur before or after your viral infection? | □Yes □No |
31 | Since the beginning of the pandemic, did you have access to personal protective equipment? | □Yes □No |
32 | Since the beginning of the pandemic, when in close contact with a COVID-19 infected patient or resident, what PPE were you wearing? | Response: |
33 | Do you strictly respect the protective personal hygiene measures (regular hand washing, proper dressing and undressing before and after contact with infected patient/resident, proper mask use) during working hours? | □ Yes □No |
34 | During break hours, in the presence of one or more than one colleagues, what protective personal hygiene measures do you use? | Response: |
35 | Do you strictly respect the protective personal hygiene measures outside of working hours? | □Yes □No |
Variable | Total (n = 83) | RTPCR+ Group (n = 38) | RTPCR− Group (n = 45) | p * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD or % (n) | Mean ± SD or % (n) | Mean ± SD or % (n) | |||
Age (years) | Mean | 42.4 ± 10.5 | 41 ± 9.4 | 43.5 ± 11.2 | 0.30 |
≤25 | 3.6 (3) | 5.3 (2) | 2.2 (1) | 0.52 | |
26–35 | 24.1 (20) | 21.1 (8) | 26.7 (12) | 0.56 | |
36–45 | 34.9 (29) | 42.1 (16) | 28.9 (13) | 0.22 | |
46–55 | 24.1 (20) | 26.3 (10) | 22.2 (10) | 0.67 | |
56–65 | 13.3 (11) | 5.3 (2) | 20 (9) | 0.055 | |
Sex | Female | 88 (73) | 92.1 (35) | 84.4 (38) | 0.28 |
Male | 12 (10) | 7.9 (3) | 15.6 (7) | ||
Household type | Several persons | 84.3 (70) | 81.6 (31) | 86.7 (39) | 0.73 |
With children | 48.2 (40) | 42.1 (16) | 53.3 (24) | 0.13 | |
With senior citizens | 1.2 (1) | 2.6 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.22 | |
BMI | Mean ± SD | 25.4 ± 5.2 | 24.6 ± 4.9 | 26.1 ± 5.3 | 0.15 |
≤18.5 | 2.4 (2) | 2.6 (1) | 2.2 (1) | 0.91 | |
18.5–24.9 | 57.8 (48) | 71.1 (27) | 46.7 (21) | 0.03 | |
25–29.9 | 22.9 (19) | 13.2 (5) | 31.1 (14) | 0.06 | |
≥30 | 16.9 (14) | 13.2 (5) | 20 (9) | 0.42 | |
Comorbidities | Cardiovascular diseases | 9.6 (8) | 5.3 (2) | 13.3 (6) | 0.42 |
Autoimmune disease | 4.8 (4) | 7.9 (3) | 2.2 (1) | 0.13 | |
Lung diseases | 3.6 (3) | 5.3 (2) | 2.2 (1) | 0.33 | |
Type 2 diabetes | 1.2 (1) | 0 (0) | 2.2 (1) | 0.63 | |
Other | 3.6 (3) | 0 (0) | 6.7 (3) | 0.23 | |
Drugs | NSAID | 22.9 (19) | 10.5 (4) | 33.3 (15) | 0.01 |
Corticosteroids | 8.4 (7) | 10.5 (4) | 6.7 (3) | 0.53 | |
Active smokers | 21.7 (18) | 10.5 (4) | 31.1 (14) | 0.03 | |
Flu vaccine | 65.1 (54) | 50 (19) | 77.8 (35) | 0.01 |
Variable | Total (n = 83) | RTPCR+ Group (n = 38) | RTPCR− Group (n = 45) | p * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD or % (n) | Mean ± SD or % (n) | Mean ± SD or % (n) | |||
Duration of working in geriatric environment (years) | 10.7 ± 9.7 | 8.6 ± 6.9 | 12.4 ± 12 | 0.06 | |
Type of work schedule | Full-time | 85.5 (71) | 84.2 (32) | 86.7 (39) | 0.71 |
Part-time | 14.5 (12) | 15.8 (6) | 13.3 (6) | 0.46 | |
Night shifts | 8.4 (7) | 10.5 (4) | 6.7 (3) | 0.56 | |
Type of worker | Physicians | 31.3 (26) | 21.1 (8) | 40 (18) | 0.20 |
Nurses | 27.7 (23) | 42.1 (16) | 15.6 (7) | 0.18 | |
Assistant nurses | 22.9 (19) | 18.4 (7) | 26.7 (12) | 0.38 | |
Administrative staff | 15.7 (13) | 13.2 (5) | 17.8 (8) | 0.88 | |
Physiotherapists | 2.4 (2) | 5.3 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.40 | |
Department of work | Acute geriatric unit | 37.3 (31) | 63.2 (24) | 15.6 (7) | <0.001 |
Geriatric rehabilitation unit | 19.3 (16) | 15.8 (6) | 22.2 (10) | 0.47 | |
Rolling worker on several departments | 18.1 (15) | 18.4 (7) | 17.8 (8) | 0.93 | |
Nursing home | 16.9 (14) | 2.6 (1) | 28.9 (13) | 0.001 | |
Long-term care unit | 2.4 (2) | 0 (0) | 4.4 (2) | 0.53 | |
Other (mobile palliative care or geriatric team) | 6 (5) | 0 (0) | 11.1 (5) | 0.04 |
Variable | Total (n = 83) | RTPCR+ Group (n = 38) | RTPCR− Group (n = 45) | p * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD or % (n) | Mean ± SD or % (n) | Mean ± SD or % (n) | |||
Duration of symptoms (days) | 17.7 ± 18.3 | 21.7 ± 20.9 | 10.4 ± 9.1 | 0.007 | |
Sick leave (number) | 59 (49) | 94.7 (36) | 28.9 (13) | <0.001 | |
Duration of sick leave (days) | 14.9 ± 10.5 | 16.2 ± 9.6 | 11.2 ± 11.8 | 0.19 | |
First symptoms | Headache | 23.2 (13) | 19.4 (7) | 30 (6) | 0.45 |
Asthenia | 12.5 (7) | 13.9 (5) | 10 (2) | 0.67 | |
Cough | 12.5 (7) | 5.6 (2) | 25 (5) | 0.06 | |
Fever | 10.7 (6) | 8.3 (3) | 15 (3) | 0.51 | |
Myalgia | 10.7 (6) | 13.9 (5) | 5 (1) | 0.33 | |
Anosmia | 5.4 (3) | 8.3 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.24 | |
Total | 67.5 (56) | 94.7 (36) | 44.4 (20) | 0.006 | |
Residual signs | Asthenia | 48.5 (16) | 50 (13) | 42.8 (3) | 0.14 |
Dyspnea | 39.4 (13) | 38.5 (10) | 42.8 (3) | 0.37 | |
Anguish | 12.1 (4) | 11.5 (3) | 14.3 (1) | 0.34 | |
Thoracic angina | 12.1 (4) | 11.5 (3) | 14.3 (1) | 0.34 | |
Myalgia | 12.1 (4) | 11.5 (3) | 14.3 (1) | 0.34 | |
Cough | 12.1 (4) | 11.5 (3) | 14.3 (1) | 0.34 | |
Total | 39.8 (33) | 68.4 (26) | 15.6 (7) | 0.003 |
Variable | Total (n = 83) | RTPCR+ Group (n = 38) | RTPCR− Group (n = 45) | p * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
% (n) | % (n) | % (n) | |||
Symptoms | Asthenia | 56.6 (47) | 81.6 (31) | 35.6(16) | <0.001 |
Headache | 48.2 (40) | 65.8 (25) | 33.3 (15) | 0.004 | |
Ageusia | 32.5 (27) | 68.4 (26) | 2.2 (1) | <0.001 | |
Anosmia | 32.5 (27) | 65.8 (25) | 4.4 (2) | <0.001 | |
Fever | 24.1 (20) | 31.6 (12) | 17.8 (8) | 0.16 | |
Chills | 22.9 (19) | 28.9 (11) | 17.8 (8) | 0.24 | |
Cough | 19.3 (16) | 21.1 (8) | 17.8 (8) | 0.71 | |
Myalgia | 18.1 (15) | 26.3 (10) | 11.1 (5) | 0.08 | |
Anorexia | 15.7 (13) | 28.9 (11) | 4.4 (2) | 0.003 | |
Dyspnea | 13.3 (11) | 23.7 (9) | 4.4 (2) | 0.001 | |
Rhinorrhea | 10.8 (9) | 7.9 (3) | 13.3 (6) | 0.46 | |
Insomnia | 9.6 (8) | 13.2 (5) | 6.7 (3) | 0.35 | |
Thoracic angina | 7.2 (6) | 13.2 (5) | 2.2 (1) | 0.07 | |
Tachycardia | 6 (5) | 5.3 (2) | 6.7 (3) | 0.82 | |
Palpitations | 4.8 (4) | 2.6 (1) | 6.7 (3) | 0.46 | |
Urticaria | 1.2 (1) | 2.6 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.46 |
Variable | Total (n = 83) | RTPCR+ Group (n = 38) | RTPCR− Group (n = 45) | p * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% (n | % (n) | % (n) | ||||
PPE | PPE available | 79.5 (66) | 73.7 (28) | 84.4 (38) | 0.23 | |
Types of PPE | Surgical mask | 75.9 (63) | 86.8 (33) | 66.7 (30) | 0.035 | |
FFP2 mask | 34.9 (29) | 21.1 (8) | 46.7 (21) | 0.016 | ||
Gown/Apron | 8.4 (7) | 7.9 (3) | 8.9 (4) | 0.88 | ||
None | 6 (5) | 7.9 (3) | 4.4 (2) | 0.55 | ||
Protective personal hygiene measures | Distance of 1 m | 87.9 (73) | 86.8 (33) | 88.9 (40) | 0.49 | |
Surgical mask | 54.2 (45) | 73.7 (28) | 44.4 (20) | 0.049 | ||
FFP2 mask | 2.4 (2) | - | 4.4 (2) | 0.62 | ||
None | 3.6 (3) | 5.3 (2) | 2.2 (1) | 0.24 |
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Mihai, A.-M.; Barben, J.; Dipanda, M.; Vovelle, J.; Nuss, V.; Baudin-Senegas, C.; Putot, A.; Manckoundia, P. Analysis of COVID-19 in Professionals Working in Geriatric Environment: Multicenter Prospective Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9735. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189735
Mihai A-M, Barben J, Dipanda M, Vovelle J, Nuss V, Baudin-Senegas C, Putot A, Manckoundia P. Analysis of COVID-19 in Professionals Working in Geriatric Environment: Multicenter Prospective Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9735. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189735
Chicago/Turabian StyleMihai, Anca-Maria, Jérémy Barben, Mélanie Dipanda, Jérémie Vovelle, Valentine Nuss, Camille Baudin-Senegas, Alain Putot, and Patrick Manckoundia. 2021. "Analysis of COVID-19 in Professionals Working in Geriatric Environment: Multicenter Prospective Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9735. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189735