Relationship between Willingness and Psychological Characteristics of Suicide Prevention Telephone Counselors: A Retrospective Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Target Population and Data Collection
2.2. Sample-Size Calculation
2.3. Contents of the Questionnaire
2.4. Data Analysis
2.5. Ethics Statement
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | |
---|---|
1 | Activities lead to my personal growth. |
2 | I am able to help the people I consult with. |
3 | I am able to participate in society. |
4 | I am able to build good relations with my colleagues. |
5 | Telephone counseling activities fulfill me and are rewarding. |
6 | My interests and activities are aligned. |
7 | I would like to continue telephone counseling activities. |
8 | I would like to improve myself through independent study and training sessions. |
9 | I am willing to adjust my daily life for telephone counseling activities. |
10 | I am satisfied with telephone counseling activities. |
11 | I would recommend participate in telephone counseling activities to my friends if they wanted to. |
12 | I would like to increase my allotted time. |
13 | The organization’s system and management are appropriate. |
14 | Physical burden is high. |
15 | Mental burden is high. |
16 | Economic burden is high. |
17 | Time burden is high. |
18 | My competence as a telephone counselor is insufficient. |
19 | The rhythms of my life are disrupted. |
20 | Commuting to the center is a burden. |
21 | Dealing with serious issues such as suicide is difficult. |
22 | Dealing with sexual counseling is difficult. |
23 | Dealing with frequent callers is difficult. |
24 | Balancing work (schoolwork) and housework with activities is difficult. |
25 | Gaining understanding and cooperation from family is difficult. |
26 | It would be desirable to be compensated for my telephone counselling activity. |
Variables | Male (n = 138) | Female (n = 569) | Total (n = 707) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Age (years) | ||||||
Over 80 | 2 | 1.4 | 8 | 1.4 | 10 | 1.4 |
70–79 | 37 | 26.8 | 132 | 23.2 | 169 | 23.9 |
60–69 | 73 | 52.9 | 286 | 50.3 | 359 | 50.8 |
50–59 | 22 | 15.9 | 111 | 19.5 | 133 | 18.8 |
40–49 | 4 | 2.9 | 27 | 4.7 | 31 | 4.4 |
30–39 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0.9 | 5 | 0.7 |
Total | 138 | 100 | 569 | 100 | 707 | 100 |
Family members living together | ||||||
(Multiple answers) | ||||||
Spouse | 113 | 95 | 390 | 89.9 | 503 | 91 |
Children | 17 | 14.3 | 93 | 21.4 | 110 | 19.9 |
Parents | 17 | 14.3 | 45 | 10.4 | 62 | 11.2 |
Grandparents | 2 | 1.7 | 2 | 0.5 | 4 | 0.7 |
Total respondents | 119 | 100 | 434 | 100 | 553 | 100 |
Employment status | ||||||
Full-time | 38 | 27.7 | 89 | 15.9 | 127 | 18.2 |
Self employed | 27 | 19.7 | 36 | 6.4 | 63 | 9 |
Part-time | 17 | 12.4 | 162 | 28.9 | 179 | 25.6 |
Housekeeping | 0 | 0 | 165 | 29.4 | 165 | 23.6 |
Student | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.1 |
Retired | 41 | 29.9 | 83 | 14.8 | 124 | 17.8 |
Other | 14 | 10.2 | 25 | 4.5 | 39 | 5.6 |
Total | 137 | 100 | 561 | 100 | 698 | 100 |
Experience as a telephone counsellor (years) | ||||||
Over 30 | 5 | 3.6 | 21 | 3.7 | 26 | 3.7 |
25–29 | 4 | 2.9 | 33 | 5.9 | 37 | 5.3 |
20–24 | 10 | 7.2 | 51 | 9 | 61 | 8.7 |
15–19 | 8 | 5.8 | 79 | 14 | 87 | 12.4 |
10–14 | 20 | 14.5 | 114 | 20.2 | 134 | 19.1 |
5–9 | 45 | 32.6 | 134 | 23.8 | 179 | 25.5 |
Under 4 | 46 | 33.3 | 132 | 23.4 | 178 | 25.4 |
Total | 138 | 100 | 564 | 100 | 702 | 100 |
Licenses or certicates (Multiple answers) | ||||||
Healthcare | 21 | 15.2 | 113 | 19.9 | 134 | 19 |
Education | 23 | 16.7 | 145 | 25.5 | 168 | 23.8 |
Others | 32 | 23.2 | 144 | 25.3 | 176 | 24.9 |
Total respondents | 138 | 100 | 569 | 100 | 707 | 100 |
State in charge of midnight shift | Currently In Charge | Past In Charge | No Experience of Being In Charge | |||
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
393 | 57.7 | 137 | 20.1 | 151 | 22.2 | |
Scores for scales | Male | Female | Total | |||
mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | SD | |
Grit-S | 3.42 | 0.67 | 3.45 | 0.63 | 3.45 | 0.64 |
GSES | 9.82 | 4.17 | 9.15 | 3.94 | 9.3 | 4 |
MSPSS | 4.97 | 1.11 | 5.31 | 1.04 | 5.25 | 1.06 |
SF-8 PCS | 49.6 | 7.37 | 49 | 7.36 | 49.06 | 7.36 |
SF-8 MCS | 48.33 | 7.68 | 48.2 | 6.98 | 48.19 | 7.11 |
Items | Factor Loading | ||
---|---|---|---|
Willingness to Engage in Activities | Sense of Burden from Activities | Sense of Difficulty in Coping | |
Telephone counseling activities fulfill me and are rewarding. | 0.784 | 0.019 | −0.024 |
My interests and activities are aligned. | 0.712 | 0.006 | −0.002 |
I would like to continue telephone counseling activities. | 0.697 | −0.029 | −0.030 |
I am satisfied with telephone counseling activities. | 0.601 | −0.114 | −0.126 |
I would like to improve myself through independent study and training sessions. | 0.598 | 0.013 | 0.123 |
I am willing to adjust my daily life for telephone counseling activities. | 0.568 | 0.083 | 0.071 |
Time burden is high. | −0.027 | 0.792 | −0.013 |
Physical burden is high. | 0.053 | 0.709 | −0.068 |
Rhythm of life is disrupted. | −0.023 | 0.658 | −0.062 |
Balancing work (schoolwork) and housework with activities is difficult. | −0.064 | 0.640 | 0.043 |
Mental burden is high. | 0.009 | 0.596 | 0.173 |
Economic burden is high. | 0.065 | 0.559 | −0.017 |
Dealing with frequent callers is difficult. | 0.056 | −0.050 | 0.740 |
Dealing with sexual counseling is difficult. | −0.048 | −0.032 | 0.732 |
Dealing with serious cases such as suicide is difficult. | 0.072 | 0.042 | 0.611 |
My competence as a telephone counselor is insufficient. | −0.024 | 0.026 | 0.551 |
Cronbach’s coefficient α | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.75 |
Factor | Grit-S | MSPSS | GSES | SF-8 PCS | SF-8 MCS | Willingness to Engage in Activities | Sense of Burden from Activities | Sense of Difficulty in Coping |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grit-S | - | |||||||
MSPSS | 0.062 | - | ||||||
GSES | 0.329 *** | 0.191 *** | - | |||||
SF-8 PCS | −0.022 | 0.076 * | 0.101 ** | - | ||||
SF-8 MCS | 0.113 ** | 0.154 *** | 0.262 *** | −0.185 *** | - | |||
Willingness to Engage in Activities | 0.247 *** | −0.256 *** | 0.165 *** | 0.055 | −0.127 ** | - | ||
Sense of Burden from Activities | −0.163 *** | −0.102 ** | −0.216 *** | −0.183 *** | −0.224 *** | −0.404 *** | - | |
Sense of Difficulty in Coping | −0.179 *** | −0.032 | −0.362 *** | −0.070 | −0.162 *** | −0.240 *** | 0.416 *** | - |
Factor | Currently in Charge (n = 393) | Past in Charge (n = 137) | No Experience of Being in Charge (n = 151) | p Value | Partial η2 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
Grit-S | 3.46 | 0.64 | 3.42 | 0.68 | 3.46 | 0.63 | 0.824 | 0.001 |
GSES | 9.52 | 3.99 | 8.79 | 4.21 | 9.27 | 3.74 | 0.232 | 0.005 |
MSPSS | 62.6 | 12.8 | 64.5 | 11.9 | 62.1 | 13.6 | 0.252 | 0.004 |
SF-8 PCS | 49.7 | 6.6 | 47.6 | 8.4 | 48.8 | 7.8 | 0.027 | 0.013 |
SF-8 MCS | 48.5 | 7.1 | 47.4 | 7.8 | 48.0 | 6.8 | 0.301 | 0.004 |
Willingness to Engage in Activities | 0.001 | 0.940 | 0.070 | 0.898 | −0.096 | 0.879 | 0.283 | 0.004 |
Sense of Burden from Activities | 0.021 | 0.936 | 0.082 | 0.903 | −0.029 | 0.909 | 0.593 | 0.002 |
Sense of Difficulty in Coping | −0.111 | 0.918 | 0.081 | 0.801 | 0.157 | 0.819 | 0.002 | 0.018 |
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Murakami, O.; Kanda, K.; Ngatu, N.R.; Hirao, T. Relationship between Willingness and Psychological Characteristics of Suicide Prevention Telephone Counselors: A Retrospective Observational Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189800
Murakami O, Kanda K, Ngatu NR, Hirao T. Relationship between Willingness and Psychological Characteristics of Suicide Prevention Telephone Counselors: A Retrospective Observational Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189800
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurakami, Osamu, Kanae Kanda, Nlandu Roger Ngatu, and Tomohiro Hirao. 2021. "Relationship between Willingness and Psychological Characteristics of Suicide Prevention Telephone Counselors: A Retrospective Observational Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9800. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189800