Oral Health as a Predictor of Physical Frailty among Rural Community-Dwelling Elderly in an Agricultural County of Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participant Characteristics
2.2. Physical Frailty
2.3. Oral Health Assessments
2.4. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Overall (n = 903) | Nonfrail (n = 471) | Prefrailty (n = 300) | Frailty (n = 132) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, mean (SD) | 77.4 (7.1) | 76.1 (6.7) | 78.2 (7.5) | 80.1 (6.8) | <0.001 b |
Gender, female, n (%) | 615 (68) | 311 (66) | 202 (67) | 102 (77) | 0.047 a |
Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 24.1 (3.8) | 24.2 (3.8) | 24.2 (3.7) | 23.4 (3.7) | 0.069 b |
Education level, n (%) | <0.001 a | ||||
Elementary school and below | 715 (79.2) | 350 (74) | 248 (83) | 117 (89) | |
Junior high school and above | 188 (21) | 121 (26) | 52 (17) | 15 (11) | |
Hospitalization within 1 year (yes), % | 104 (11.5) | 39 (8.3) | 40 (13.3) | 25 (18.9) | 0.002 a |
Chronic disease | |||||
Hypertension (yes), % | 436 (48.3) | 234 (49.7) | 136 (45.3) | 66 (50) | 0.456 a |
Diabetes mellitus (yes), % | 208 (23) | 91 (19.3) | 76 (25.3) | 41 (31.1) | 0.009 a |
Heart disease (yes), % | 145 (16.1) | 63 (13.4) | 51 (17) | 31 (23.5) | 0.017 a |
Stroke (yes), % | 27 (3) | 11 (2.3) | 12 (4) | 4 (3) | 0.417 a |
Arthritis (yes), % | 133 (14.7) | 63 (13.4) | 35 (11.7) | 35 (26.5) | <0.001 a |
SPMSQ | <0.001 a | ||||
Normal, % | 676 (74.9) | 386 (82) | 208 (69.3) | 82 (62.1) | |
Abnormal, % | 227 (25.1) | 85 (18) | 92 (3.7) | 50 (37.9) | |
Self-reported health status | <0.001 a | ||||
Good, % | 310 (34.3) | 187 (39.7) | 89 (29.7) | 34 (25.8) | |
Fair or poor, % | 593 (65.7) | 284 (6.3) | 211 (7.3) | 98 (74.2) |
Variables | Overall (n = 903) | Nonfrail (n = 471) | Prefrailty (n = 300) | Frailty (n = 132) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Restricted food intake type (yes), % | 486 (53.8) | 220 (46.7) | 171 (57) | 95 (72) | <0.001 a |
Loose teeth (yes), n (%) | 169 (18.7) | 84 (17.8) | 49 (16.3) | 36 (27.3) | 0.021 a |
Toothache (yes), n (%) | 618 (68.4) | 311 (66) | 208 (69.3) | 99 (75) | 0.135 a |
Halitosis (yes), n (%) | 242 (26.8) | 114 (24.2) | 86 (28.7) | 42 (31.8) | 0.146 a |
Periodontal disease (yes), n (%) | 197 (21.8) | 94 (20) | 69 (23) | 34 (25.8) | 0.301 a |
Tooth decay (yes), n (%) | 242 (26.8) | 129 (27.4) | 74 (24.7) | 39 (29.5) | 0.526 a |
Denture (yes), n (%) | 787 (87.2) | 404 (85.8) | 264 (88) | 119 (9.2) | 0.359 a |
Regular teeth scaling (yes), n (%) | 89 (9.9) | 57 (12.1) | 27 (9) | 5 (3.8) | 0.015 a |
Self-reported dental status, n (%) | 0.001 a | ||||
Good | 310 (34.3) | 187 (39.7) | 89 (29.7) | 34 (25.8) | |
Fair/poor | 593 (65.7) | 284 (6.3) | 211 (7.3) | 98 (74.2) | |
Number of remaining teeth, mean (SD) | 8.9 (9.9) | 10.5 (10.5) | 7.7 (9.3) | 5.8 (7.9) | <0.001 b |
Frequency of tooth cleaning, mean (SD) | 1.99 (0.83) | 2.07 (0.86) | 1.92 (0.8) | 1.86 (0.8) | 0.012 b |
Variables | Overall (n = 903) | Nonfrail (n = 471) | Prefrailty (n = 300) | Frailty (n = 132) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lip, n% | 0.059 a | ||||
Normal | 419 (46.4) | 226 (48) | 142 (47.3) | 51 (38.6) | |
Change | 479 (53) | 244 (51.8) | 154 (51.3) | 81 (61.4) | |
Unhealthy | 5 (0.6) | 1 (0.2) | 4 (1.3) | 0 (0) | |
Tongue, n% | 0.408 a | ||||
Normal | 551 (61) | 301 (63.9) | 177 (59) | 73 (55.3) | |
Change | 346 (38.3) | 167 (35.5) | 121 (4.3) | 58 (43.9) | |
Unhealthy | 6 (0.7) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.7) | 1 (0.8) | |
Gum and tissue, n% | 0.720 a | ||||
Normal | 681 (75.4) | 358 (76) | 229 (76.3) | 94 (71.2) | |
Change | 220 (24.4) | 112 (23.8) | 70 (23.3) | 38 (28.8) | |
Unhealthy | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | |
Saliva, n% | 0.008 a | ||||
Normal | 685 (75.9) | 375 (79.6) | 219 (73) | 91 (68.9) | |
Change | 217 (24) | 96 (2.4) | 81 (27) | 40 (3.3) | |
Unhealthy | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | |
Natural teeth, n% | 0.023 a | ||||
Normal | 365 (4.4) | 174 (36.9) | 132 (44) | 59 (44.7) | |
Change | 293 (32.4) | 176 (37.4) | 80 (26.7) | 37 (28) | |
Unhealthy | 245 (27.1) | 121 (25.7) | 88 (29.3) | 36 (27.3) | |
Denture, n% | 0.223 a | ||||
Normal | 338 (37.4) | 189 (4.1) | 111 (37) | 38 (28.8) | |
Change | 521 (57.7) | 262 (55.6) | 171 (57) | 88 (66.7) | |
Unhealthy | 44 (4.9) | 20 (4.2) | 18 (6) | 6 (4.5) | |
Oral cleanliness status, n% | 0.157 a | ||||
Normal | 24 (2.7) | 15 (3.2) | 8 (2.7) | 1 (0.8) | |
Change | 861 (95.3) | 451 (95.8) | 283 (94.3) | 127 (96.2) | |
Unhealthy | 18 (2) | 5 (1.1) | 9 (3) | 4 (3) | |
Dental pain, n% | 0.007 a | ||||
Normal | 782 (86.6) | 414 (87.9) | 265 (88.3) | 103 (78) | |
Change | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Unhealthy | 121 (13.4) | 57 (12.1) | 35 (11.7) | 29 (22) | |
OHAT, mean (SD) | 4.5 (2.0) | 4.3 (2.0) | 4.6 (2.1) | 5.5 (1.8) | <0.001 b |
Crude Model | Adjusted Model | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
Self-perceived oral health | ||||||
Restricted food type | 1.83 | 1.4–2.38 | <0.001 | 1.59 | 1.2–2.09 | 0.001 |
Loose teeth | 1.13 | 0.81–1.58 | 0.479 | 1.16 | 0.81–1.64 | 0.418 |
Self-reported dental status | 1.66 | 1.25–2.19 | <0.001 | 1.61 | 1.2–2.15 | 0.001 |
Number of teeth | 0.97 | 0.95–0.98 | <0.001 | 0.98 | 0.96–0.99 | 0.006 |
Frequency of tooth cleaning | 0.79 | 0.66–0.94 | 0.008 | 0.83 | 0.68–1.0 | 0.049 |
Teeth scaling regularly | 0.58 | 0.37–0.92 | 0.019 | 0.79 | 0.49–1.27 | 0.327 |
OHAT score | 1.15 | 1.08–1.23 | <0.001 | 1.09 | 1.02–1.17 | 0.017 |
OHAT subdomains | ||||||
Saliva | 1.54 | 1.13–2.09 | 0.006 | 1.52 | 1.11–2.1 | 0.010 |
Natural teeth | 0.74 | 0.57–0.97 | 0.026 | 0.86 | 0.65–1.14 | 0.305 |
Toothache | 1.26 | 0.86–1.85 | 0.233 | 1.20 | 0.8–1.78 | 0.375 |
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Kuo, Y.-W.; Chen, M.-Y.; Chang, L.-C.; Lee, J.-D. Oral Health as a Predictor of Physical Frailty among Rural Community-Dwelling Elderly in an Agricultural County of Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189805
Kuo Y-W, Chen M-Y, Chang L-C, Lee J-D. Oral Health as a Predictor of Physical Frailty among Rural Community-Dwelling Elderly in an Agricultural County of Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(18):9805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189805
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuo, Ya-Wen, Mei-Yen Chen, Li-Ching Chang, and Jiann-Der Lee. 2021. "Oral Health as a Predictor of Physical Frailty among Rural Community-Dwelling Elderly in an Agricultural County of Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18: 9805. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189805