Importance of Interior Design: An Environmental Mediator for Perceiving Life Satisfaction and Financial Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background and Literature Review
2.1. Stimuli–Organism–Response Framework
2.2. Demographics, Life Satisfaction and Interior Design to Responses
2.3. Conceptual Framework and Research Hypotheses
3. Data and Methodology
3.1. Data
3.2. Analytics
3.3. Measurement
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive Summary
4.2. Hierarchical Linear Modeling: H1 and H2
4.3. Structural Equation Modeling: H3 and H4
5. Discussion, Implications and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mean | SD | Min. | Max. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Life satisfaction | 19.46 | 5.86 | 5 | 35 |
Art of color | 3.41 | 0.99 | 1 | 5 |
Art of lighting | 3.13 | 1.01 | 1 | 5 |
Art of decoration | 3.37 | 0.99 | 1 | 5 |
Positive emotional perception | 15.09 | 3.41 | 5 | 25 |
Negative emtional perception | 10.25 | 3.10 | 5 | 25 |
Situational satisfaction | 3.50 | 0.90 | 1 | 5 |
Affective financial stress | 8.08 | 3.49 | 3 | 15 |
Interpersonal financial stress | 5.96 | 2.69 | 3 | 15 |
Demographic | Demographic and LS | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Coef. | S.E. | Coef. | S.E. | |
Life satisfaction | 0.06 ** | 0.02 | ||
Gender (ref. = male) | 0.46 | 0.19 | 0.44 * | 0.19 |
Age | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Education (ref. = high school) | ||||
College | −1.51 | 1.76 | −1.72 | 1.75 |
Graduate or higher | −1.93 | 1.78 | −2.28 | 1.77 |
Marital (ref. = single) | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 0.25 |
Income level (ref. = lower than 2 mil.) | ||||
Between 2 million and 4 million | 0.17 | 0.34 | 0.13 | 0.33 |
Between 4 million and 6 million | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 0.36 |
Between 6 million and 8 million | 0.59 | 0.38 | 0.36 | 0.39 |
Over 8 million | 0.53 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.42 |
Constant | 10.81 *** | 1.82 | 9.91 *** | 1.83 |
R2 | 0.02 | 0.04 | ||
ΔR2 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||
Model F | 1.67 | 2.65 ** | ||
Block F | 1.67 | 11.26 *** |
Predictor | Criterion | Coefficient | S.E. | Hypotheses |
---|---|---|---|---|
LS | PEP | 0.07 ** | 0.03 | - |
LS | NEP | −0.07 | 0.04 | - |
LS | CLR | 0.11 ** | 0.04 | H2 accepted |
LS | ILMN | 0.11 ** | 0.04 | H2 accepted |
LS | DCR | 0.13 ** | 0.04 | H2 accepted |
CLR | PEP | 0.27 *** | 0.04 | Part of H3 accepted |
CLR | NEP | −0.09 | 0.05 | Part of H3 rejected |
LGT | PEP | 0.28 *** | 0.04 | Part of H3 accepted |
LGT | NEP | −0.03 | 0.05 | Part of H3 rejected |
DCR | PEP | 0.21 *** | 0.03 | Part of H3 accepted |
DCR | NEP | −0.01 | 0.04 | Part of H3 rejected |
PPE | SS | 0.81 *** | 0.03 | Part of H4 accepted |
PEP | AFS | 0.01 | 0.04 | Part of H4 rejected |
PEP | IFS | 0.12 ** | 0.04 | Part of H4 accepted |
NEP | SS | −0.23 *** | 0.03 | Part of H4 accepted |
NEP | AFS | 0.22 *** | 0.04 | Part of H4 accepted |
NEP | IFS | 0.32 *** | 0.04 | Part of H4 accepted |
Predictor | Mediator | Criterion | Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|
LS | CLR | PEP | 0.03 |
LS | LGT | PEP | 0.03 |
LS | DCR | PEP | 0.03 |
CLR | PEP | SS | 0.22 |
CLR | PEP | IFS | 0.03 |
LGT | PEP | SS | 0.22 |
LGT | PEP | IFS | 0.03 |
DCR | PEP | SS | 0.17 |
DCR | PEP | IFS | 0.03 |
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Kim, J.; Heo, W. Importance of Interior Design: An Environmental Mediator for Perceiving Life Satisfaction and Financial Stress. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10195. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910195
Kim J, Heo W. Importance of Interior Design: An Environmental Mediator for Perceiving Life Satisfaction and Financial Stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(19):10195. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910195
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Jeongah, and Wookjae Heo. 2021. "Importance of Interior Design: An Environmental Mediator for Perceiving Life Satisfaction and Financial Stress" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19: 10195. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910195