Awareness Related to Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Vietnam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Sampling and Sample Size
2.3. Questionnaire
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Population (n a = 402) | Only T2DM (n a = 10) | Only Hypertension (n a = 71) | Both (n a = 27) | No CMD (n a = 294) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (Mean ± SD, years) | 47.75 (± 15.61) | 53.4 (± 10.70) | 58.38 (± 13.58) | 66.48 (± 10.89) | 43.28 (± 13.95) |
Body mass index (Mean ± SD, kg/m2) | 22.94 (± 3.19) | 23.31 (± 2.46) | 23.56 (± 3.78) | 24.86 (± 3.45) | 22.62 (± 2.95) |
Systolic blood pressure (Mean ± SD, mmHg) | 122.18 (± 15.31) | 116.7 (± 16.44) | 132.58 (± 18.18) | 134.44 (± 15.82) | 118.72 (± 12.58) |
Diastolic blood pressure (Mean ± SD, mmHg) | 84.3 (± 11.60) | 75.8 (± 8.50) | 83.97 (± 14.60) | 83.15 (± 9.42) | 79.48 (± 10.85) |
Blood glucose (Mean ± SD, mmol/L) | 6.43 (± 4.61) | 7.09 (± 2.76) | 6.73 (± 2.03) | 8.27 (± 2.77) | 6.16 (± 5.17) |
Gender (%) | |||||
Male | 39.8 | 3.8 | 11.9 | 6.3 | 78.1 |
Female | 60.2 | 1.7 | 21.5 | 7.0 | 69.8 |
Education (%) | |||||
Primary or below | 30.8 | 3.2 | 29.8 | 8.9 | 58.1 |
Secondary | 43.8 | 1.1 | 16.5 | 5.7 | 76.7 |
Tertiary or higher | 25.4 | 3.9 | 4.9 | 5.9 | 85.3 |
Employment (%) | |||||
Employed | 51.0 | 2.0 | 8.3 | 2.9 | 86.8 |
Unemployed | 49.0 | 3.0 | 27.4 | 10.7 | 58.9 |
Marital status (%) | |||||
Single | 22.1 | 2.2 | 11.2 | 9.0 | 77.5 |
Married | 77.9 | 2.6 | 19.5 | 6.1 | 71.9 |
Population (%) | 100 | 2.5 | 17.7 | 6.7 | 73.1 |
Variables | Good | Bad | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n a | % b | n a | % b | |
Knowledge | ||||
T2DM | 48 | 11.94 | 354 | 88.06 |
Hypertension | 141 | 35.07 | 261 | 64.93 |
Cardiometabolic | 44 | 10.95 | 358 | 89.05 |
Attitude | 105 | 26.12 | 297 | 73.88 |
Behavior | 20 | 4.98 | 382 | 95.02 |
Awareness | 32 | 7.96 | 370 | 92.04 |
KAB and Awareness | Knowledge (OR (95%CI)) | Attitude (OR (95%CI)) | Behavior (OR (95%CI)) | Awareness (OR (95%CI)) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ||||
1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 1.03 (1.00–1.07) | |
Gender | ||||
Female/Male | 2.80 (1.23–6.33) | 1.42 (0.81–2.50) | 3.67 (0.91–14.89) | 3.89 (1.28–11.78) |
Education | ||||
Secondary/Primary or below | 1.67 (0.69–4.04) | 0.46 (0.26–0.79) | 0.77 (0.25–2.44) | 2.01 (0.77–5.23) |
Tertiary or higher/Primary or below | 3.35 (1.25–9.00) | 0.41 (0.20–0.86) | 2.07 (0.51–8.48) | 2.24 (0.65–7.76) |
Employment | ||||
Employed/Unemployed | 0.90 (0.41–2.00) | 0.70 (0.39–1.25) | 0.63 (0.14–2.72) | 0.59 (0.20–1.72) |
Marital status | ||||
Married/Single | 0.60 [(0.28–1.30) | 0.87 (0.46–1.64) | 0.97 (0.30–3.15) | 0.65 (0.26–1.65) |
CMD status | ||||
T2DM/No CMD | 10.61 (2.49–45.10) | 0.68 (0.13–3.58) | 4.24 (0.43–42.00) | 3.49 (0.37–32.67) |
HTN/No CMD | 1.63 (0.59–4.52) | 2.06 (1.10–3.89) | 2.86 (0.84–9.81) | 2.81 (0.96–8.23) |
Both/No CMD | 7.70 (2.53–23.42) | 1.54 (0.60–3.92) | 1.40 (0.27–7.26) | 8.33 (2.44–28.37) |
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Nguyen, C.M.; Santoso, C.M.A.; Vu, D.T.H.; Szőllősi, G.; Bata, R.; Zsuga, J.; Nagy, A.C. Awareness Related to Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Vietnam. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10209. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910209
Nguyen CM, Santoso CMA, Vu DTH, Szőllősi G, Bata R, Zsuga J, Nagy AC. Awareness Related to Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(19):10209. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910209
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Chau Minh, Cornelia Melinda Adi Santoso, Duyen Thi Huong Vu, Gergő Szőllősi, Róbert Bata, Judit Zsuga, and Attila Csaba Nagy. 2021. "Awareness Related to Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Vietnam" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19: 10209. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910209