Effect of Smartphone App’s Intervention on Consumers’ Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Perception of Food Poisoning Prevention When Dining Out at Selected Rural Areas in Terengganu
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Research Methodology
2.1. Study Location
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Study Sampling
2.4. Instruments
2.4.1. MyWarung© Mobile Application
2.4.2. KAP2 Questionnaire
2.5. Recruitment and Data Collection
2.6. Intervention Protocol
2.7. Outcome Measures
2.8. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemography
3.2. Between-Group Differences
3.3. Within-Group Differences
3.3.1. Effect of an Intervention Programme on Knowledge towards Food Poisoning and Its Prevention
3.3.2. Effect of an Intervention Programme on Food Poisoning Preventive Attitude
3.3.3. Effect of an Intervention Programme on Food Poisoning Preventive Practice
3.3.4. Effect of an Intervention Programme on Food Poisoning Preventive Perception
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Socio-Demographic Profile | Groups | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention (n = 50) | Control (n = 50) | |||
n | % | n | % | |
Gender | ||||
Male | 21 | 42.0 | 15 | 30.0 |
Female | 29 | 58.0 | 35 | 70.0 |
Age group | ||||
18–20 years | 7 | 14.0 | 2 | 4.0 |
21–30 years | 17 | 34.0 | 10 | 20.0 |
31–40 years | 11 | 22.0 | 8 | 16.0 |
41–50 years | 3 | 6.0 | 17 | 34.0 |
>50 years | 12 | 24.0 | 13 | 26.0 |
Ethnicity | ||||
Malay | 50 | 100.0 | 50 | 100.0 |
Marital status | ||||
Single | 18 | 36.0 | 7 | 14.0 |
Married | 29 | 58.0 | 41 | 82.0 |
Separated/divorced/widowed | 3 | 6.0 | 2 | 4.0 |
Academic qualification | ||||
Informal education | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.0 |
Primary school | 4 | 8.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Secondary school | 20 | 40.0 | 28 | 56.0 |
Certificate/STPM/A level/GCE/ Foundation/matriculation/ diploma | 18 | 36.0 | 12 | 24.0 |
Tertiary education (degree/master’s/ PhD) | 8 | 16.0 | 9 | 18.0 |
Job sector | ||||
Self-employed | 15 | 30.0 | 7 | 14.0 |
Government sector | 10 | 20.0 | 2 | 4.0 |
Private sector | 11 | 22.0 | 9 | 18.0 |
Unemployed | 14 | 28.0 | 32 | 64.0 |
Income level | ||||
RM0–RM500 | 21 | 42.0 | 30 | 60.0 |
RM501–RM1000 | 11 | 22.0 | 6 | 12.0 |
RM1001–RM1500 | 10 | 20.0 | 5 | 10.0 |
RM1501–RM2000 | 3 | 6.0 | 2 | 4.0 |
>RM2000 | 5 | 10.0 | 7 | 14.0 |
Variables | Intervention Group (n = 50) | Control Group (n = 50) | Z Statistics | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Median Score (IQR) | Median Score (IQR) | |||
Knowledge | ||||
Pre | 27.5 (10.0) | 30.0 (7.0) | −3.565 | 0.000 * |
Post | 30.0 (8.0) | 31.0 (6.0) | −1.274 | 0.203 |
Attitude | ||||
Pre | 43.0 (7.0) | 46.0 (5.0) | −2.671 | 0.008 * |
Post | 46.5 (6.0) | 46.0 (6.0) | −0.410 | 0.682 |
Practice | ||||
Pre | 33.0 (6.0) | 34.0 (3.0) | −2.571 | 0.010 * |
Post | 35.0 (5.0) | 36.0 (8.0) | −0.964 | 0.335 |
Perceived barrier | ||||
Pre | 9.0 (3.0) | 9.5 (3.0) | −0.805 | 0.421 |
Post | 10.0 (6.0) | 10.0 (4.0) | −0.076 | 0.939 |
Perceived susceptibility | ||||
Pre | 8.0 (2.0) | 8.0 (2.0) | −0.056 | 0.955 |
Post | 10.0 (2.0) | 10.0 (2.0) | −0.294 | 0.768 |
Variables | Intervention Group (n = 50) | Control Group (n = 50) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | p-Value | Pre | Post | p-Value | |
Median Score (IQR) | Median Score (IQR) | Median Score (IQR) | Median Score (IQR) | |||
Knowledge | 27.5 (10.0) | 30.0 (8.0) | 0.000 * | 30.0 (7.0) | 31.0 (6.0) | 0.324 |
Variables | Intervention Group (n = 50) | Control Group (n = 50) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | p-Value | Pre | Post | p-Value | |
Median Score (IQR) | Median Score (IQR) | Median Score (IQR) | Median Score (IQR) | |||
Attitude | 43.0 (7.0) | 46.5 (6.0) | 0.001 * | 46.0 (5.0) | 46.0 (6.0) | 0.490 |
Variables | Intervention Group (n = 50) | Control Group (n = 50) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | p-Value | Pre | Post | p-Value | |
Median Score (IQR) | Median Score (IQR) | Median Score (IQR) | Median Score (IQR) | |||
Practice | 33.0 (6.0) | 35.0 (5.0) | 0.000 * | 34.0 (3.0) | 36.0 (8.0) | 0.131 |
Variables | Intervention Group (n = 50) | Control Group (n = 50) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | p-Value | Pre | Post | p-Value | |
Median Score (IQR) | Median Score (IQR) | Median Score (IQR) | Median Score (IQR) | |||
Perceived barrier | 9.0 (3.0) | 10.0 (6.0) | 0.129 | 9.50 (3.0) | 10.0 (4.0) | 0.422 |
Perceived susceptibility | 8.0 (2.0) | 10.0 (2.0) | 0.069 | 8.0 (2.0) | 10.0 (2.0) | 0.012 * |
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Zaujan, N.A.M.; Ali, A.; Osman, M.; Chee, H.Y.; Ithnin, N.R.; Misni, N.; Sukeri, S.; Chin, C.P.-Y. Effect of Smartphone App’s Intervention on Consumers’ Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Perception of Food Poisoning Prevention When Dining Out at Selected Rural Areas in Terengganu. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910294
Zaujan NAM, Ali A, Osman M, Chee HY, Ithnin NR, Misni N, Sukeri S, Chin CP-Y. Effect of Smartphone App’s Intervention on Consumers’ Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Perception of Food Poisoning Prevention When Dining Out at Selected Rural Areas in Terengganu. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(19):10294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910294
Chicago/Turabian StyleZaujan, Nur Afifah Mursyida, Asma’ Ali, Malina Osman, Hui Yee Chee, Nur Raihana Ithnin, Norashiqin Misni, Surianti Sukeri, and Christie Pei-Yee Chin. 2021. "Effect of Smartphone App’s Intervention on Consumers’ Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Perception of Food Poisoning Prevention When Dining Out at Selected Rural Areas in Terengganu" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19: 10294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910294