Measuring Temporal Instability of Momentary Affect, Subjective Health and Symptom Burden Depending on Environmental Parameters—An Ambulatory Assessment Study in Persons with Hay Fever
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Characteristics
2.2. Study Procedure
2.3. Ambulatory Assessment
- (a)
- Momentary affect: Momentary affect was assessed with a short form of the Multidimensional Mood State Questionnaire (MDMQ) [19]. The German version of the MDMQ consists of 12 items, rated on a 5-point Likert scale (ranging from “1—not at all” to “5—extremely”) and three subscales: Valence (good-bad), alertness (awake-tired) and calmness (calm-nervous). Four items are assigned to each scale, with two items assessing positive affect states and two items assessing negative affect states. Sum scores were computed for the three subscales (with items assessing negative affect states reversed scored). Valence is measured with the items “content”, “great”, “bad” and “uncomfortable”; alertness is assessed according to the items “rested”, “energetic”, “worn-out” and “tired”; and calmness according to “composed”, “relaxed”, “restless” and “uneasy”. Each item is preceded by the sentence ‘‘Right now I feel...’’. All items appeared in the original order of the MDMQ at each trial. Cronbach’s αs of the three scales range from 0.73 to 0.89 over four repeated measures [19].
- (b)
- Seasonal allergic rhinitis: Symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis were assessed with symptom scales from the Allergen Challenge Chamber—Allergic Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire [20]. This questionnaire is designed to measure impairments through rhinitis symptoms in an acute situation. The items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (from “0—no impairment” to “7—very strong impairment”). Participants were asked how much they are impaired at this moment by the following symptoms: (1) Nose symptoms, which are measured with the items “runny nose”, “blocked nose”, “itching nose” and “urge to sneeze”; (2) eye symptoms, measured with the items “runny eyes”, “itchy eyes” and “red eyes”; and (3) other symptoms, represented by the items “tickle in the throat”, “itchy throat”, “itchy palate” and “itchy ears”. Cronbach’s αs of the three scales range from 0.87 to 0.90 [20].
- (c)
- Self-rated health status (SRHS): To assess the general within-day variation of participants’ health, the momentary self-rated health status was measured with the question “How is your health at this moment?” To detect even small fluctuations over the day, a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) with a length of 101 points was used. The anchors were “0—very poor” on the left end and “100—very good” on the right end.
- (d)
- Compliance: For all participants, the number of completed questionnaires was 1108 of 1176 possible questionnaires (28 participants × 14 days × 3 time points per day). This is a response rate of 94.2%, which is fairly good for an ambulatory assessment study. The number of completed reports per participant ranged from 31 to 42 of 42 possible reports (M = 39.57, SD = 3.19). The data indicates a high compliance with the procedure. Among the 1108 completed questionnaires, there was no missing data.
2.4. Weather Data
2.5. Data Analyses
2.6. Compliance with Ethical Standards
3. Results
3.1. Respondents
3.2. Momentary Affect and Weather Parameters
3.3. Symptom and Health Report and Weather Parameters
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings and Comparison with Previous Research
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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M | Min | Max | SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Weather parameters | ||||
Temperature (in °C) | 18.39 | 10.9 | 32.9 | 3.69 |
Humidity (in %) | 77.37 | 33.0 | 100.0 | 15.35 |
Precipitation (in mm) | 0.35 | 0.0 | 15.9 | 1.35 |
Wind power (in m/s) | 3.74 | 0.0 | 15.0 | 2.2 |
Sunshine (min) | 13.62 | 0.0 | 60.0 | 20.77 |
Momentary Affect | ||||
Valence | 15.15 | 3 | 20 | 4.26 |
Alertness | 12.62 | 3 | 20 | 3.7 |
Calmness | 14.18 | 2 | 20 | 4.23 |
Symptom Burden | ||||
Nose Symptoms | 3.98 | 0 | 24 | 4.41 |
Eye Symptoms | 1.61 | 0 | 15 | 2.75 |
Other Symptoms | 1.56 | 0 | 16 | 2.87 |
SRHS 1 | 83.39 | 0 | 100 | 17.9 |
Valence | Alertness | Calmness | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | z-Ratio | Coefficient | z-Ratio | Coefficient | z-Ratio | |
Intercept | 15.05 | 20.88 | 12.58 | 27.31 | 14.08 | 19.23 |
Temperature | 0.065 | 2.07 | 0.105 | 2.41 | 0.037 | ns |
Humidity | 0.016 | ns | 0.014 | ns | 0.019 | 2.64 |
Precipitation | −0.006 | ns | 0.108 | ns | 0.004 | ns |
Wind Power | −0.031 | ns | 0.02 | ns | −0.024 | ns |
Sunshine | 0.008 | ns | 0.017 | 2.72 | 0.007 | ns |
Nose Symptoms | Eye Symptoms | Other Symptoms | SHRS 1 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | z-Ratio | Coefficient | z-Ratio | Coefficient | z-Ratio | Coefficient | z-Ratio | |
Intercept | 4.088 | 7.66 | 1.652 | 4.17 | 1.557 | 4.70 | 83.02 | 36.51 |
Temperature | 0.085 | ns | 0.025 | ns | 0.031 | ns | −0.371 | ns |
Humidity | −0.046 | −3.56 | −0.011 | ns | −0.014 | ns | 0.031 | ns |
Precipitation | −0.068 | ns | −0.084 | ns | −0.077 | ns | 1.137 | 3.45 |
Wind Power | 0.021 | ns | −0.009 | ns | 0.041 | ns | −0.437 | ns |
Sunshine | −0.024 | −3.02 | −0.008 | ns | −0.013 | −2.58 | 0.097 | 3.21 |
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Rostalski, T.; Schmidt, S.; Muehlan, H. Measuring Temporal Instability of Momentary Affect, Subjective Health and Symptom Burden Depending on Environmental Parameters—An Ambulatory Assessment Study in Persons with Hay Fever. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020406
Rostalski T, Schmidt S, Muehlan H. Measuring Temporal Instability of Momentary Affect, Subjective Health and Symptom Burden Depending on Environmental Parameters—An Ambulatory Assessment Study in Persons with Hay Fever. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(2):406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020406
Chicago/Turabian StyleRostalski, Tim, Silke Schmidt, and Holger Muehlan. 2021. "Measuring Temporal Instability of Momentary Affect, Subjective Health and Symptom Burden Depending on Environmental Parameters—An Ambulatory Assessment Study in Persons with Hay Fever" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020406