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Volume 18
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10.3390/ijerph18020431
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Article

The Effects of Sleep Quality on Dream and Waking Emotions

by
Francesca Conte
1,*,
Nicola Cellini
2,3,4,5,
Oreste De Rosa
1,
Marissa Lynn Rescott
1,
Serena Malloggi
6,
Fiorenza Giganti
6 and
Gianluca Ficca
1
1
Department of Psychology, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy
2
Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
3
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
4
Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Via Giuseppe Orus 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
5
Human Inspired Technology Center, University of Padova, Via Luzzatti 4, 35121 Padova, Italy
6
Department NEUROFARBA, University of Firenze, Via di San Salvi 12, 50135 Firenze, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 431; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020431
Submission received: 3 December 2020 / Revised: 4 January 2021 / Accepted: 5 January 2021 / Published: 7 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Quality Research)
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Abstract

Despite the increasing interest in sleep and dream-related processes of emotion regulation, their reflection into waking and dream emotional experience remains unclear. We have previously described a discontinuity between wakefulness and dreaming, with a prevalence of positive emotions in wakefulness and negative emotions during sleep. Here we aim to investigate whether this profile may be affected by poor sleep quality. Twenty-three ‘Good Sleepers’ (GS) and 27 ‘Poor Sleepers’ (PS), identified through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) cut-off score, completed three forms of the modified Differential Emotions Scale, assessing, respectively, the frequency of 22 emotions over the past 2 weeks, their intensity during dreaming and during the previous day. The ANOVA revealed a different pattern of emotionality between groups: GS showed high positive emotionality in wakefulness (both past 2 weeks and 24 h) with a significant shift to negative emotionality in dreams, while PS showed evenly distributed emotional valence across all three conditions. No significant regression model emerged between waking and dream affect. In the frame of recent hypotheses on the role of dreaming in emotion regulation, our findings suggest that the different day/night expression of emotions between groups depends on a relative impairment of sleep-related processes of affect regulation in poor sleepers. Moreover, these results highlight the importance of including sleep quality assessments in future dream studies.
Keywords: dreaming; emotions; sleep quality; good sleepers; poor sleepers dreaming; emotions; sleep quality; good sleepers; poor sleepers

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MDPI and ACS Style

Conte, F.; Cellini, N.; De Rosa, O.; Rescott, M.L.; Malloggi, S.; Giganti, F.; Ficca, G. The Effects of Sleep Quality on Dream and Waking Emotions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020431

AMA Style

Conte F, Cellini N, De Rosa O, Rescott ML, Malloggi S, Giganti F, Ficca G. The Effects of Sleep Quality on Dream and Waking Emotions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(2):431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020431

Chicago/Turabian Style

Conte, Francesca, Nicola Cellini, Oreste De Rosa, Marissa Lynn Rescott, Serena Malloggi, Fiorenza Giganti, and Gianluca Ficca. 2021. "The Effects of Sleep Quality on Dream and Waking Emotions" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020431

APA Style

Conte, F., Cellini, N., De Rosa, O., Rescott, M. L., Malloggi, S., Giganti, F., & Ficca, G. (2021). The Effects of Sleep Quality on Dream and Waking Emotions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020431

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