Quality of Life of Patients with Glaucoma in Slovakia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Materials and Methods
1.2. Characteristics of Used Methodology
1.2.1. NEI VFQ-25 (Slovak Version)
1.2.2. WHOQOL-BREF (Slovak Version)
1.3. Characteristics of Statistical Procedures
2. Results
2.1. Sociodemographic Data
2.2. WHOQOL-BREF Questionnaire Evaluation—Peripheral Vision
2.3. NEI VFQ-25 Questionnaire Evaluation—Peripheral Vision
3. Discussion
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Declaration of Interest Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Disclaimer
References
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Demographic Data | n | % |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Male | 42 | 35 |
Female | 77 | 65 |
Education | ||
Primary | 21 | 18 |
Vocational without maturity exam | 16 | 13 |
Vocational with maturity exam | 13 | 11 |
Secondary vocational without maturity exam | 10 | 8 |
Secondary vocational with maturity exam | 34 | 28 |
University | 25 | 21 |
Age (M ± SD) | 59.4 SD ± 18.32 years | |
Less than 50 years | 27 | 23 |
51–59 | 22 | 18 |
60–69 | 33 | 28 |
More than 70 years | 37 | 31 |
Duration of disease (M ± SD) | 8.77 SD ± 5.63 years | |
One year | 20 | 17 |
Less than 5 years | 36 | 30 |
Less than 10 years | 33 | 28 |
11 years or more | 30 | 25 |
Diagnosed | ||
Both eyes | 79 | 68 |
Right eye | 26 | 22 |
Left eye | 11 | 9 |
Classification of Vision Impairment (Visus) | EWV n | EBV n |
---|---|---|
0 without visual impairment (normal vision) | 97 | 100 |
1 6/18–6/60 near-normal vision | 14 | 9 |
2 6/60–3/60 moderate vision impairment | 2 | 4 |
3 3/60–1/60 severe vision impairment | 3 | 3 |
4 1/60, 1/50 moderate blindness | 3 | 3 |
5 severe to total blindness | 0 | 0 |
Total | 119 | 119 |
Classification of Vision Impairment (Peripheral Vision) | EWV | EBV |
---|---|---|
0 without visual impairment | 67 | 67 |
1 slightly advanced changes, mild loss of field of view (40–30° from the centre of fixation) | 24 | 25 |
2 advanced changes, moderate loss of field of view (20–10° from the centre of fixation) | 28 | 27 |
3 concentric narrowing of the field of view (15–5° from the centre of fixation) | 0 | 0 |
4 remnants of the field of view in absolute glaucoma (less than 5° from the centre of fixation) | 0 | 0 |
Total | 119 | 119 |
Rating on EBV | Rating on EWV | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Z | p | n VPa | n VPh | Z | p | n VPa | n VPh | |
D1 | −3.268 | 0.00108 ** | 19 | 100 | −3.638 | 0.0002 *** | 22 | 97 |
D2 | −3.612 | 0.00030 *** | 19 | 100 | −2.762 | 0.0057 ** | 22 | 97 |
D3 | −1.599 | 0.1096 | 19 | 100 | −1.516 | 0.1294 | 22 | 97 |
D4 | −3.348 | 0.00081 *** | 19 | 100 | −3.344 | 0.00082 *** | 22 | 97 |
Q1 | −3.09 | 0.0019 ** | 19 | 100 | −2.738 | 0.0061 ** | 22 | 97 |
Q2 | −3.192 | 0.0014 ** | 19 | 100 | −3.556 | 0.0003 *** | 22 | 97 |
Rating on EBV | Pathological Visus | Physiological Visus | ||||
M | SD | Min–Max | M | SD | Min–Max | |
D1 | 12.07 | 1.86 | 8–16.35 | 15.12 | 1.94 | 9.45–16.94 |
D2 | 14.33 | 1.72 | 9.65–19.33 | 16.12 | 2.02 | 9.01–20 |
D3 | 15.65 | 1.97 | 8.5–20 | 15.94 | 2.55 | 9.67–20 |
D4 | 14.49 | 2.35 | 9.48–18.79 | 16.98 | 2.62 | 8.82–20 |
Q1 | 4.00 | 0.78 | 1–5 | 4.52 | 0.89 | 2–5 |
Q2 | 2.59 | 0.89 | 4–2 | 4.0 | 0.88 | 1–5 |
Rating on EWV | Pathological Visus | Physiological Visus | ||||
M | SD | Min–Max | M | SD | Min–Max | |
D1 | 12.0 | 1.82 | 8–16.35 | 14.28 | 1.95 | 9.98–17.82 |
D2 | 14.52 | 1.78 | 9.28–19.24 | 16.01 | 1.99 | 9.01–20 |
D3 | 15.73 | 2.01 | 8.1–20 | 16.12 | 2.52 | 10.1–20 |
D4 | 14.59 | 2.25 | 9.48–18.79 | 16.92 | 2.72 | 8.79–20 |
Q1 | 4.01 | 0.88 | 1–5 | 4.5 | 0.79 | 2–5 |
Q2 | 2.59 | 0.96 | 4–2 | 4.0 | 0.96 | 1–5 |
EBVPeripheral Vision | |||||
Rating in Fields | Perimeter° | Mean Rank | Kruskal–Wallis | Df | p |
D1 | 0 | 71.1 | 19.31 | 3 | 0.0001 *** |
1 | 51.2 | ||||
2 | 37.5 | ||||
D2 | 0 | 69.4 | 12.56 | 3 | 0.0019 ** |
1 | 49.1 | ||||
2 | 44.8 | ||||
D3 | 0 | 67.2 | 9.91 | 3 | 0.049 * |
1 | 51.2 | ||||
2 | 47.0 | ||||
D4 | 0 | 70.4 | 15.19 | 3 | 0.0005 *** |
1 | 46.5 | ||||
2 | 44.5 | ||||
Q1 | 0 | 69.5 | 15.40 | 3 | 0.0005 *** |
1 | 49.3 | ||||
2 | 44.4 | ||||
Q2 | 0 | 71.7 | 22.32 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 43.0 | ||||
2 | 44.9 | ||||
EWVPeripheral Vision | |||||
Rating in Fields | Perimeter° | Mean Rank | Kruskal–Wallis | Df | p |
D1 | 0 | 68.6 | 10.38 | 3 | 0.0056 ** |
1 | 55.6 | ||||
2 | 44.8 | ||||
D2 | 0 | 69.7 | 12.03 | 3 | 0.0024 ** |
1 | 51.1 | ||||
2 | 44.8 | ||||
D3 | 0 | 68.6 | 9.91 | 3 | 0.043 * |
1 | 53.5 | ||||
2 | 46.4 | ||||
D4 | 0 | 68.6 | 10.05 | 3 | 0.007 ** |
1 | 53.5 | ||||
2 | 51.0 | ||||
Q1 | 0 | 70.7 | 16.44 | 3 | 0.0003 *** |
1 | 47.3 | ||||
2 | 47.0 | ||||
Q2 | 0 | 71.9 | 20.42 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 43.8 | ||||
2 | 47.9 |
EBVPeripheral Vision | |||||
Rating in Fields | Perimeter° | Mean Rank | Kruskal–Wallis | Df | p |
Subscale 1 | 0 | 68.56 | 12.10 | 3 | 0.0024 ** |
1 | 52.19 | ||||
2 | 43.83 | ||||
Subscale 2 | 0 | 67.75 | 26.00 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 66.46 | ||||
2 | 30.70 | ||||
Subscale 3 | 0 | 68.53 | 20.67 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 60.07 | ||||
2 | 35.37 | ||||
Subscale 4 | 0 | 70.30 | 37.41 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 62.13 | ||||
2 | 28.06 | ||||
Subscale 5 | 0 | 73.89 | 43.61 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 54.59 | ||||
2 | 25.91 | ||||
Subscale 6 | 0 | 70.2 | 43.22 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 62.0 | ||||
2 | 36.4 | ||||
Subscale 7 | 0 | 74.55 | 40.92 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 54.21 | ||||
2 | 24.43 | ||||
Subscale 8 | 0 | 72.18 | 50.00 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 59.76 | ||||
2 | 25.22 | ||||
Subscale 9 | 0 | 69.21 | 63.50 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 67.42 | ||||
2 | 25.47 | ||||
Subscale 10 | 0 | 26.69 | 2.46 | 3 | 0.292 |
1 | 20.66 | ||||
2 | 37.5 | ||||
Subscale 11 | 0 | 68.68 | 51.03 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 63.04 | ||||
2 | 31.72 | ||||
Subscale 12 | 0 | 72.02 | 52.78 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 60.15 | ||||
2 | 25.29 | ||||
EWVPeripheral Vision | |||||
Rating in Fields | Perimeter° | Mean Rank | Kruskal–Wallis | Df | p |
Subscale 1 | 0 | 69.8 | 16.69 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 57.7 | ||||
2 | 40.5 | ||||
Subscale 2 | 0 | 70.7 | 30.47 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 70.2 | ||||
2 | 32.5 | ||||
Subscale 3 | 0 | 70.5 | 24.01 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 59.9 | ||||
2 | 37.2 | ||||
Subscale 4 | 0 | 71.2 | 24.01 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 64.6 | ||||
2 | 37.2 | ||||
Subscale 5 | 0 | 77.8 | 56.96 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 53.3 | ||||
2 | 26.7 | ||||
Subscale 6 | 0 | 70.2 | 43.22 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 62.0 | ||||
2 | 36.4 | ||||
Subscale 7 | 0 | 75.7 | 46.07 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 60.5 | ||||
2 | 25.6 | ||||
Subscale 8 | 0 | 73.4 | 48.60 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 60.7 | ||||
2 | 30.1 | ||||
Subscale 9 | 0 | 70.67 | 50.47 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 64.33 | ||||
2 | 33.40 | ||||
Subscale 10 | 0 | 27.7 | 2.71 | 3 | 0.235 |
1 | 18.08 | ||||
2 | 25.33 | ||||
Subscale 11 | 0 | 68.62 | 37.04 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 62.5 | ||||
2 | 38.25 | ||||
Subscale 12 | 0 | 74.91 | 58.57 | 3 | 0.000 *** |
1 | 58.20 | ||||
2 | 29.11 |
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Majerníková, Ľ.; Hudáková, A.; Obročníková, A.; Grešš Halász, B.; Kaščáková, M. Quality of Life of Patients with Glaucoma in Slovakia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020485
Majerníková Ľ, Hudáková A, Obročníková A, Grešš Halász B, Kaščáková M. Quality of Life of Patients with Glaucoma in Slovakia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(2):485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020485
Chicago/Turabian StyleMajerníková, Ľudmila, Anna Hudáková, Andrea Obročníková, Beáta Grešš Halász, and Mária Kaščáková. 2021. "Quality of Life of Patients with Glaucoma in Slovakia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020485