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Volume 18
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10.3390/ijerph18020836
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Article

The Significant Association between Health Examination Results and Population Health: A Cross-Sectional Ecological Study Using a Nation-Wide Health Checkup Database in Japan

by
Yukinori Nagakura
1,*,
Hideaki Kato
2,
Satoshi Asano
2,
Yasuhiro Jinno
1 and
Shigeharu Tanei
3
1
School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa 831-8501, Fukuoka, Japan
2
School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
3
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020836
Submission received: 6 November 2020 / Revised: 15 January 2021 / Accepted: 18 January 2021 / Published: 19 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

In Japan, population health with life expectancy (LE) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) as indicators varies across the 47 prefectures (administrative regions). This study investigates how health examination results, including attitude toward improving life habits, are associated with population health. The association between health checkup variables and summary population health outcomes (i.e., life expectancy and healthy life expectancy) was investigated using a cross-sectional ecological design with prefectures as the unit of analysis. The medical records, aggregated by prefecture, gender, and age in the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) Open Data Japan, were used as health checkup variables. Body weight, blood pressure, liver enzymes, drinking habits, smoking habits, diabetes, serum lipids, and answers to questions regarding attitude toward improving health habits were significantly correlated to population health outcomes. Multiple regression analysis also revealed significant influence of these variables on population health. This study highlights that health examination results, including attitude toward improving health habits, are positively associated with population health. Consequently, implementing measures to improve health habits in response to the examination results could help the population maintain a healthy life.
Keywords: National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) Open Data Japan; health checkup results; life expectancy; healthy life expectancy; population health; health habit improvement National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) Open Data Japan; health checkup results; life expectancy; healthy life expectancy; population health; health habit improvement

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nagakura, Y.; Kato, H.; Asano, S.; Jinno, Y.; Tanei, S. The Significant Association between Health Examination Results and Population Health: A Cross-Sectional Ecological Study Using a Nation-Wide Health Checkup Database in Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020836

AMA Style

Nagakura Y, Kato H, Asano S, Jinno Y, Tanei S. The Significant Association between Health Examination Results and Population Health: A Cross-Sectional Ecological Study Using a Nation-Wide Health Checkup Database in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(2):836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020836

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nagakura, Yukinori, Hideaki Kato, Satoshi Asano, Yasuhiro Jinno, and Shigeharu Tanei. 2021. "The Significant Association between Health Examination Results and Population Health: A Cross-Sectional Ecological Study Using a Nation-Wide Health Checkup Database in Japan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020836

APA Style

Nagakura, Y., Kato, H., Asano, S., Jinno, Y., & Tanei, S. (2021). The Significant Association between Health Examination Results and Population Health: A Cross-Sectional Ecological Study Using a Nation-Wide Health Checkup Database in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 836. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020836

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