Effects of Anger and Moral Identity on the Relationship between Supervisors’ Incivility and Deviant Behavior: A Study of Public Service Officers in Republic of Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Supervisors’ Incivility and Employees’ Deviant Behavior
2.2. The Mediating Role of Anger
2.3. The Moderating Role of Moral Identity
3. Method
3.1. Sample
3.2. Measures
4. Results
4.1. Measurement Validation, Correlations, and Reliability Analyses
4.2. Hypothesis Tests
5. Discussion
5.1. Study Summary
5.2. Theoretical Implications
5.3. Practical Implications
5.4. Limitations and Calls for Further Studies
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Supervisors | Employees | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency | Percent (%) | Frequency | Percent (%) | |
Age (year) | ||||
21–30 | 133 | 70.4 | 156 | 82.5 |
31–40 | 47 | 24.9 | 31 | 16.4 |
40–50 | 9 | 4.7 | 2 | 1.1 |
Gender | ||||
Male | 183 | 96.8 | 186 | 98.4 |
Female | 6 | 3.2 | 3 | 1.6 |
Rank | ||||
Major | 1 | 0.5 | ||
Captain | 73 | 38.6 | ||
First lieutenant | 49 | 25.9 | 10 | 5.3 |
Second lieutenant | 30 | 15.9 | 7 | 3.7 |
Master sergeant | 26 | 13.8 | 21 | 11.1 |
First-class sergeant | 10 | 5.3 | 54 | 28.6 |
Staff sergeant | 97 | 51.3 | ||
Education | ||||
Graduate degree | 8 | 4.2 | ||
4-year bachelor’s degree | 168 | 88.9 | 59 | 31.2 |
High school graduate | 13 | 6.9 | 130 | 68.8 |
Model | χ2 (df) | CFI | GFI | RMSEA | ∆χ2 (df) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypothesized four-factor model (INC, MI, anger, DB) | 79.20 (48) ** | 0.98 | 0.94 | 0.06 | |
Three-factor model (INC and anger, MI, DB) | 261.74 (51) *** | 0.89 | 0.79 | 0.15 | 182.54 (3) *** |
Two-factor model (INC and anger, MI and DB) | 585.11 (53) *** | 0.72 | 0.65 | 0.23 | 505.91 (5) *** |
Single-factor model | 1068.44 (54) *** | 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.32 | 989.24 (6) *** |
Variable | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Age | 26.60 | 5.32 | ||||||||
2. Rank | 2.01 | 1.60 | 0.29 *** | |||||||
3. Education | 1.31 | 0.47 | 0.38 *** | 0.58 *** | ||||||
4. Tenure with supervisor | 0.76 | 0.48 | 0.01 | −0.18 * | −0.10 | |||||
5. Incivility | 1.54 | 0.69 | −0.21 ** | −0.09 | −0.12 | 0.11 | (0.94) | |||
6. Anger | 1.22 | 0.45 | −0.13 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.15 * | 0.69 *** | (0.90) | ||
7. Moral identity | 4.58 | 0.54 | 0.15 * | 0.10 | 0.13 | −0.05 | −0.15 * | −0.08 | (0.88) | |
8. Deviant behavior | 1.25 | 0.48 | −0.20 ** | −0.13 | −0.09 | 0.03 | 0.21 ** | 0.32 *** | −0.43 *** | (0.98) |
Variable | Deviant Behavior | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
Age | −0.15 | −0.13 | −0.09 | −0.09 |
Rank | −0.09 | −0.11 | −0.11 | −0.11 |
Education | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Tenure with supervisor | 0.00 | −0.03 | −0.04 | −0.06 |
Incivility | 0.18 * | −0.07 | −0.12 | −0.14 |
Anger | 0.36 *** | 0.37 *** | 0.37 *** | |
Moral identity | −0.40 *** | −0.39 *** | ||
Anger × moral identity | −0.16 ** | |||
∆R2 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.03 |
∆F | 2.94 * | 13.52 *** | 38.28 *** | 7.88 ** |
Mediator | Indirect Effect | SE | 95% LLCI | 95% ULCI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anger | 0.17 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.27 |
Moderator | Indirect Effect | SE | 95% LLCI | 95% ULCI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Moral identity −1 SD | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.41 |
Moral identity +1 SD | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.20 |
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Kim, Y.H.; Son, S.Y.; Kang, S.-W. Effects of Anger and Moral Identity on the Relationship between Supervisors’ Incivility and Deviant Behavior: A Study of Public Service Officers in Republic of Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10585. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010585
Kim YH, Son SY, Kang S-W. Effects of Anger and Moral Identity on the Relationship between Supervisors’ Incivility and Deviant Behavior: A Study of Public Service Officers in Republic of Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(20):10585. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010585
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Yong Hyun, Seung Yeon Son, and Seung-Wan Kang. 2021. "Effects of Anger and Moral Identity on the Relationship between Supervisors’ Incivility and Deviant Behavior: A Study of Public Service Officers in Republic of Korea" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20: 10585. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010585