Development of Psychological First Aid Guidelines for People Who Have Experienced Disasters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Guideline Development Goals
2.2. PFA Guidelines Procedure
2.3. Checklist of Validation and Evaluation of Guidelines
3. Implementation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number | Contents | Never | Sometimes | Usually | Often | Always |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Reminders of the situation at that time also bring back emotions. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
2 | Have trouble keeping up my sleep. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
3 | Other things led me to think about the incident. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
4 | Felt sensitive and angry after that situation. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
5 | Every time I think about the situation, I tried to avoid it because I was confused. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
6 | Even if I try not to think, I remember the situation. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
7 | Either the situation did not happen, or it did not feel real. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
8 | I stayed away from reminders of the situation. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
9 | A video of the situation used to pop into my mind. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
10 | My nerves became sensitive and I was easily surprised. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
11 | I tried not to think about the situation. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
12 | I was still confused by the situation, but I endured it. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
13 | My feelings for the situation were numb. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
14 | There are times when I feel or act as if I were back in the situation. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
15 | It was hard to fall asleep after that situation. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
16 | I felt a flood of strong feelings about the situation. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
17 | I tried to erase the situation from my memory. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
18 | I had difficulty concentrating. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
19 | Considering the situation, I reacted physically, such as sweating, breathing problems, dizziness, or heart palpitations. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
20 | I had a dream about the situation. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
21 | I felt I was on guard and observed my surroundings. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
22 | I tried not to talk about the situation. | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Performance Step | Step-By-Step PFA Achievement Objectives | What to Do with the Activity |
---|---|---|
1. First rapport formation and safety check | Psychologist’s introduction and confidentiality | Recognize that they are an authorized expert, respecting confidentiality. |
Physical and psychological safety checks |
| |
Check safety from incident stimuli |
| |
2. Psychological stability | Recalling a safe place |
|
| ||
Psychological container techniques |
| |
Exploring positive statements |
| |
3. Collecting information | The nature and severity of disasters and traumatic events. |
|
Loss and guilt |
| |
Concerns about subsequent threats immediately after the incident |
| |
Availability of social resources |
| |
4. Problem-solving | See what you need right now |
|
Develop specific action plans |
| |
Utilization of social-support systems |
| |
5. Recovery | Think of yourself recovering | Check the resources I have |
Ask questions about the happy future ahead. |
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Kim, E.-Y.; Han, S.-W. Development of Psychological First Aid Guidelines for People Who Have Experienced Disasters. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10752. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010752
Kim E-Y, Han S-W. Development of Psychological First Aid Guidelines for People Who Have Experienced Disasters. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(20):10752. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010752
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Eun-Young, and Seung-Woo Han. 2021. "Development of Psychological First Aid Guidelines for People Who Have Experienced Disasters" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20: 10752. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010752