Shock Index as a Predictor for Angiographic Hemostasis in Life-Threatening Traumatic Oronasal Bleeding
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | TAE (n = 39) | Non-TAE (n = 11) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 34.48 ± 19.41 | 38.54 ± 10.86 | 0.12 |
Mechanism | |||
MVA | 18 (46.2%) | 8 (72.7%) | 0.17 |
Pedestrian | 8 (20.5%) | 0 | - |
Fall | 7 (17.9%) | 2 (18.2%) | - |
Miscellaneous | 6 (15.4%) | 1 (9.1%) | - |
Other Injury | |||
CNS | 23 (58.9%) | 9 (81.82%) | 0.28 |
Chest | 15 (38.4%) | 5 (45.45%) | 0.73 |
Abdomen | 6 (15.3%) | 0 | - |
Pelvis | 5 (12.8%) | 0 | - |
Extremities | 7 (17.9%) | 2 (18.18%) | 0.31 |
Fracture | |||
LeFort II + III | 16 (41.0%) | 5 (45.4%) | 1 |
NOE | 2 (5.1%) | 2 (18.2%) | 0.30 |
ZMC | 4 (10.2%) | 4 (36.4%) | 0.05 |
Nasal | 2 (5.1%) | 0 | - |
Mandible | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (9.1%) | 0.39 |
Vitals | |||
SBP | 107.12 ± 35.74 | 136.81 ± 27.53 | <0.05 * |
HR | 126.84 ± 25.36 | 98.18 ± 24.28 | <0.05 * |
Initial SI | 1.31 ± 0.49 | 0.73 ± 0.17 | <0.05 * |
SI (after nasal packing) | 1.14 ± 0.37 | 0.74 ± 0.23 | <0.05 * |
SI (after TAE) | 0.9 ± 0.31 | - | - |
GCS | 8.17 ± 4.62 | 7.63 ± 3.72 | 0.99 |
Laboratory Studies | |||
Hematocrit (%) | 32.6 ± 8.6 | 34.8 ± 9 | 0.23 |
INR | 1.84 ± 0.95 | 1.17 ± 0.14 | 0.042 * |
Platelet (×103/μL) | 162.4 ± 66.9 | 213 ± 53.9 | 0.037 * |
Blood Transfusion | |||
pRBC | 6.6 ± 5 | 2.9 ± 3.2 | <0.05 * |
WB | 1.4 ± 2.9 | 0.9 ± 2.1 | 0.77 |
FFP | 3.1 ± 4.3 | 1.5 ± 2.6 | 0.2 |
ISS | 28.72 ± 10.71 | 24.54 ± 11.30 | 0.32 |
LOS | 6.61 ± 5.00 | 2.54 ± 3.35 | 1 |
Variables | Rebleeding (n = 7) | No Rebleeding (n = 32) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Fracture | |||
LeFort II + III | 3 | 13 | 0.08 |
NOE | 0 | 2 | - |
ZMC | 1 | 3 | 0.56 |
Nasal | 0 | 2 | - |
Mandible | 0 | 1 | - |
Material | |||
Coils | 1 | 4 | 0.96 |
Gelfoam | 3 | 26 | 0.05 |
NBCA | 2 | 3 | 0.21 |
PVA | 0 | 2 | - |
Bleeder | |||
IMA | 7 | 24 | 0.07 |
Facial | 0 | 5 | - |
ECA | 0 | 3 | - |
Lingual | 0 | 2 | - |
Sphenopalatine | 0 | 1 | - |
Ascending pharyngeal | 0 | 1 | - |
TAE | |||
Extravasation | 6 | 23 | 0.56 |
Pseudoaneurysm | 5 | 11 | 0.1 |
SI | 1.38 ± 0.72 | 1.30 ± 0.43 | 0.98 |
ISS | 26.28 ± 11.28 | 29.38 ± 10.69 | 0.52 |
LOS | 30.2 ± 12.37 | 21.96 ± 15.72 | 0.1 |
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Hsu, F.-Y.; Mao, S.-H.; Chuang, A.D.-C.; Wong, Y.-C.; Chen, C.-H. Shock Index as a Predictor for Angiographic Hemostasis in Life-Threatening Traumatic Oronasal Bleeding. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11051. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111051
Hsu F-Y, Mao S-H, Chuang AD-C, Wong Y-C, Chen C-H. Shock Index as a Predictor for Angiographic Hemostasis in Life-Threatening Traumatic Oronasal Bleeding. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11051. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111051
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsu, Fang-Yu, Shih-Hsuan Mao, Andy Deng-Chi Chuang, Yon-Cheong Wong, and Chih-Hao Chen. 2021. "Shock Index as a Predictor for Angiographic Hemostasis in Life-Threatening Traumatic Oronasal Bleeding" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11051. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111051