Contextual Determinants of General Household Hygiene Conditions in Rural Indonesia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Contextual Determinant Variables of Household Hygiene Conditions
2.3. Hygiene-Related Variables
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Hygiene Conditions and the Determinants
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Questions | Scale * |
---|---|---|
Open Defecation | What types of toilets do you have? | 2 (Open defecation or not) |
Livestock nearby | Is there livestock around the house? | 3 (Many–few) |
Floor types | What type of floor does the main house have? | 2 (Permanent or not) |
Floor cleanliness | How is the cleanliness of the house floor? | 3 (Dirty–clean) |
Feces around | Is there human or animal feces in the yard (or even inside the house)? | 3 (Many–few) |
Garbage around | Is there garbage around the house? | 3 (Many–few) |
Flies around | Can you see flies around the water storage container? | 3 (Many–few) |
Food storage | How do you store cooked food? | 2 (with or without cover) |
Storage covered | Is the water storage being covered (at that time)? | 2 (Yes or not) |
Storage cracked | Is the container cracked? | 2 (Yes or not) |
Place of water storage | When not in use, is the storage container kept in a place where it may become contaminated? | 2 (Yes or not) |
Storage cleanliness | Is the inside of the container clean? | 2 (Dirty or clean) |
Practice household water treatment (HWT) | Is the drinking water treated? | 2 (Yes or not) |
E. coli detected | Data were from quality testing the drinking water | 2 (Yes or not) |
Handwashing facilities | What kind of handwashing facilities does the household have? | 2 (With water and soap or not) |
Respondent’s nails | How clean are the respondent nails? | 3 (Dirty–clean) |
Open Defecation | Livestock Nearby | Floor Types | Floor Cleanliness | Faeces Around | Garbage Around | Flies Around | Food Storage | Storage Covered | Storage Cracked | Place of Water Storage | Storage Cleanliness | Practice HWT | Water Quality | Handwashing Facilities | Respondent’s Nails | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Open Defecation | ||||||||||||||||
Livestock nearby | ||||||||||||||||
Floor types | ||||||||||||||||
Floor cleanliness | ||||||||||||||||
Faeces around | ||||||||||||||||
Garbage around | ||||||||||||||||
Flies around | ||||||||||||||||
Food storage | ||||||||||||||||
Storage covered | ||||||||||||||||
Storage cracked | ||||||||||||||||
Place of water storage | ||||||||||||||||
Storage cleanliness | ||||||||||||||||
Practice HWT | ||||||||||||||||
Water quality | ||||||||||||||||
Handwashing facilities | ||||||||||||||||
Respondent’s nails |
Determinant Variables | B | SE | β | p Value | LB | UB |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 20.22 | 1.31 | 0.00 | 17.65 | 22.80 | |
Wealth | 1.03 | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.01 | 0.29 | 1.78 |
Access to water | −0.43 | 0.20 | −0.14 | 0.04 | −0.83 | −0.03 |
Household time allocation | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.63 | −0.19 | 0.31 |
Local beliefs | −0.87 | 0.65 | −0.09 | 0.19 | −2.16 | 0.42 |
Access to market | 0.93 | 0.53 | 0.10 | 0.08 | −0.11 | 1.96 |
Access to mass media | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.05 | 0.52 | −0.32 | 0.62 |
Receiving WASH promotions | −0.11 | 0.78 | −0.01 | 0.89 | −1.64 | 1.42 |
Mother’s education | −0.10 | 0.10 | −0.08 | 0.32 | −0.28 | 0.09 |
Father’s education | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.88 | −0.17 | 0.20 |
Having children under 5-years-old | 0.00 | 0.52 | 0.00 | 1.00 | −1.02 | 1.02 |
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Daniel, D. Contextual Determinants of General Household Hygiene Conditions in Rural Indonesia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111064
Daniel D. Contextual Determinants of General Household Hygiene Conditions in Rural Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111064
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel, D. 2021. "Contextual Determinants of General Household Hygiene Conditions in Rural Indonesia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11064. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111064