Fractures of the Craniofacial Skeleton in the Elderly: Retrospective Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age | n | % |
---|---|---|
65–74 | 73 | 72.28 |
75–84 | 27 | 26.73 |
85 and older | 1 | 0.99 |
Sex | n | % |
Female | 44 | 43.56 |
Male | 57 | 56.44 |
Place of residence | n | % |
Village, small town | 51 | 50.50 |
Medium-sized town | 14 | 13.86 |
City | 36 | 35.64 |
Education | n | % |
Elementary | 17 | 16.83 |
Secondary | 53 | 52.48 |
Higher | 20 | 19.80 |
No data | 11 | 10.89 |
In total | 101 | 100 |
Comorbidities | n | % * |
---|---|---|
Cardiovascular diseases | 83 | 82.18 |
Visual system diseases | 26 | 25.74 |
Osteoarthritis | 19 | 18.81 |
Diabetes mellitus | 14 | 13.86 |
Neurological disorders | 10 | 9.90 |
Pulmonary diseases | 7 | 6.93 |
Cancer | 6 | 5.94 |
Hepatic insufficiency | 3 | 2.97 |
Chronic renal insufficiency | 1 | 0.99 |
Hematopoietic system diseases | 1 | 0.99 |
No comorbidities | 9 | 8.91 |
Other | 43 | 42.57 |
No data | 2 | 1.98 |
Cause of the Fracture | n | % |
---|---|---|
Fall | 48 | 47.52 |
Work-related injury | 12 | 11.90 |
Assault | 11 | 10.89 |
Traffic accident | 11 | 10.89 |
Pathological/iatrogenic fracture | 11 | 10.89 |
Recreation | 3 | 2.97 |
Environmental cause | 2 | 1.98 |
Zoonotic injury | 1 | 0.99 |
Gunshot injury | 1 | 0.99 |
No data | 1 | 0.99 |
In total | 101 | 100 |
Location of the Fracture | n | % * |
---|---|---|
Mandible | 63 | 62.38 |
Zygomaticomaxillary complex | 39 | 38.61 |
Maxilla | 34 | 33.66 |
Orbit | 32 | 31.68 |
Nose | 22 | 21.78 |
Multiple fractures | 55 | 54.46 |
Other craniofacial bones | 6 | 5.94 |
Coexisting Injuries | n | % * |
---|---|---|
Soft tissue injuries | 88 | 87.13 |
Visual system injuries | 25 | 24.75 |
Cranial nerves injuries | 13 | 12.87 |
Central nervous system injuries | 3 | 2.97 |
None | 13 | 12.87 |
Method of Treatment | n | % * |
---|---|---|
Osteosynthesis (micro/mini plates, general anesthesia) | 80 | 79.21 |
Orthopedic (splints, intermaxillary fixation, local anesthesia) | 23 | 22.77 |
Conservative | 5 | 4.95 |
Hospitalization | n | % |
Up to 7 days | 53 | 52.48 |
Over 7 days | 48 | 47.52 |
Complications | n | % |
Visual disturbances | 8 | 7.92 |
Sensory disturbances | 7 | 6.93 |
Malocclusion | 5 | 4.95 |
Infection | 2 | 1.98 |
None | 79 | 78.22% |
Location of the Fracture | Age | p | |
---|---|---|---|
65–74 (N = 73) | 75 Years and Older (N = 28) | ||
Mandible | 28 (38.36%) | 20 (71.43%) | 0.006 * |
Zygomaticomaxillary complex | 29 (39.73%) | 10 (35.71%) | 0.887 |
Maxilla | 28 (38.36%) | 6 (21.43%) | 0.169 |
Orbit | 26 (35.62%) | 6 (21.43%) | 0.257 |
Nose | 19 (26.03%) | 3 (10.71%) | 0.162 |
Other craniofacial bones | 5 (6.85%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.318 |
Other | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (3.57%) | 0.277 |
Location of the Fracture | Sex | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Women (N = 44) | Men (N = 57) | ||
Mandible | 23 (52.27%) | 25 (43.86%) | 0.523 |
Zygomaticomaxillary complex | 16 (36.36%) | 23 (40.35%) | 0.84 |
Maxilla | 8 (18.18%) | 26 (45.61%) | 0.007 * |
Orbit | 16 (36.36%) | 16 (28.07%) | 0.501 |
Nose | 8 (18.18%) | 14 (24.56%) | 0.598 |
Other craniofacial bones | 2 (4.55%) | 3 (5.26%) | 1 |
Other | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (1.75%) | 1 |
Location of the Fracture | Cause of the Fracture | p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fall (N = 48) | Assault (N = 11) | Traffic Accident (N = 11) | Work-Related Injury (N = 12) | Pathological/Iatrogenic Fracture (N = 11) | Other (N = 7) | ||
Mandible | 20 (41.67%) | 7 (63.64%) | 4 (36.36%) | 3 (25.00%) | 10 (90.91%) | 3 (42.86%) | 0.018 * |
Zygomaticomaxillary complex | 14 (29.17%) | 8 (72.73%) | 8 (72.73%) | 6 (50.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (42.86%) | <0.001 * |
Maxilla | 11 (22.92%) | 5 (45.45%) | 6 (54.55%) | 7 (58.33%) | 1 (9.09%) | 3 (42.86%) | 0.029 * |
Orbit | 17 (35.42%) | 3 (27.27%) | 4 (36.36%) | 3 (25.00%) | 1 (9.09%) | 3 (42.86%) | 0.58 |
Nose | 8 (16.67%) | 2 (18.18%) | 4 (36.36%) | 6 (50.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 2 (28.57%) | 0.039 * |
Other craniofacial bones | 2 (4.17%) | 1 (9.09%) | 2 (18.18%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.306 |
Other | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (8.33%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0.52 |
Cause of Fracture | Age | p | |
---|---|---|---|
65–74 Years (N = 73) | 75 Years and Older (N = 28) | ||
Falls | 33 (45.21%) | 15 (53.57%) | p = 0.826 |
Assault | 9 (12.33%) | 2 (7.14%) | |
Traffic Accidents | 7 (9.59%) | 4 (14.29%) | |
Work-related Injury | 10 (13.70%) | 2 (7.14%) | |
Pathological /Iatrogenic Fractures | 8 (10.96%) | 3 (10.71%) | |
Other | 6 (8.22%) | 1 (3.57%) | |
No Data | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (3.57%) |
Cause of Fracture | Place of Residence | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Small Town & Rural Areas (N = 51) | Medium-Sized Town (N = 14) | City (N = 36) | ||
Falls with Loss of Consciousness | 5 (9.80%) | 5 (35.71%) | 5 (13.89%) | p = 0.009 |
Falls without Loss of Consciousness | 11 (21.57%) | 4 (28.57%) | 18 (50.00%) | |
Assault | 6 (11.76%) | 1 (7.14%) | 4 (11.11%) | |
Traffic Accident | 6 (11.76%) | 2 (14.29%) | 3 (8.33%) | |
Work-related Injury | 12 (23.53%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Pathological/Iatrogenic Fracture | 5 (9.80%) | 2 (14.29%) | 4 (11.11%) | |
Other | 6 (11.76%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.78%) | |
No data | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (2.78%) |
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Michalak, P.; Wyszyńska-Pawelec, G.; Szuta, M.; Hajto-Bryk, J.; Zapała, J.; Zarzecka, J.K. Fractures of the Craniofacial Skeleton in the Elderly: Retrospective Studies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111219
Michalak P, Wyszyńska-Pawelec G, Szuta M, Hajto-Bryk J, Zapała J, Zarzecka JK. Fractures of the Craniofacial Skeleton in the Elderly: Retrospective Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111219
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichalak, Piotr, Grażyna Wyszyńska-Pawelec, Mariusz Szuta, Justyna Hajto-Bryk, Jan Zapała, and Joanna Katarzyna Zarzecka. 2021. "Fractures of the Craniofacial Skeleton in the Elderly: Retrospective Studies" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11219. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111219