Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors in the Promotion of Social Entrepreneurship: A Service-Learning Programme
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Hypotheses
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Design and Participants
3.2. Programme
3.3. Instrument
3.4. Data Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factors | Groups | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | ≤21 | 22–25 | >25 | |||
Percentage | 46.9 | 46.9 | 6.1 | |||
Education Access 1 | HS | VC | HS&VC | |||
Percentage | 57.1 | 43.7 | 7.1 | |||
Family education | Other | Basic | Medium | Higher | ||
Percentage | 1 | 14.3 | 69.4 | 16.3 | ||
Previous social participation | Yes | No | ||||
Percentage | 44.9 | 55.1 | ||||
Employment status | Works | Does not work | ||||
Percentage | 37.8 | 62.2 |
Paired Samples Test | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paired Differences | ||||||||
Mean | Standard Deviation | Deviation Error Mean | 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference | t | df | Sig. (Bilateral) | ||
Lower | Upper | |||||||
Social entrepreneurship | −0.0846 | 0.077 | 0.014 | −0.113 | −0.056 | −5.995 | 29 | 0.000 |
Personal features | −0.0844 | 0.066 | 0.022 | −0.135 | −0.034 | −3.851 | 8 | 0.005 |
Social features | −0.0818 | 0.078 | 0.023 | −0.134 | −0.029 | −3.475 | 10 | 0.006 |
Innovative features | −0.0880 | 0.093 | 0.029 | −0.154 | −0.021 | −2.994 | 9 | 0.015 |
Feature | Mean (Standard Deviation) | |
---|---|---|
Pre-Test | Post-Test | |
Leadership | 3.980 (0.056) | 4.065 (0.078) |
Goal-oriented motivation | 3.700 (0.170) | 3.740 (0.198) |
Trust | 4.100 (0.452) | 4.160 (0.353) |
Responsibility | 4.255 (0.559) | 4.350 (0.560) |
Creativity | 4.055 (0.134) | 4.055 (0.163) |
Initiative | 3.200 (0.212) | 3.385 (0.064) |
Resilience | 3.680 * | 3.850 * |
Social awareness | 4.170 (0.297) | 4.185 (0.163) |
Belonging to well-informed social networks | 4.410 (0.269) | 4.465 (0.247) |
Offering help and cooperation | 4.380 * | 4.410 * |
Commitment and coherence | 3.790 * | 3.830 * |
Coexistence and respect for public affairs. | 4.100 * | 4.200 * |
Ability to identify opportunities | 3.430 * | 3.410 * |
Ability to take risks | 4.117 (0.370) | 4.237 (0.345) ** |
Ability to create ideas. | 3.525 (0.092) | 3.625 (0.148) |
Ability to learn and evolve. | 2.755 (0.064) | 2.930 (0.071) ** |
Ability to change | 3.445 (0.361) | 3.580 (0.438) |
Source (Pretest/Post-Test) | SE Pretest/Post-Test | Type III Sums of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. (Bilateral) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SE | Linear | 0.033 | 1 | 0.033 | 0.751 | 0.388 |
Age | Linear | 0.260 | 1 | 0.260 | 5.986 | 0.016 |
Education access | Linear | 0.211 | 1 | 0.211 | 4.845 | 0.030 |
Family education | Linear | 0.000 | 1 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.957 |
Previous social participation | Linear | 0.118 | 1 | 0.118 | 2.711 | 0.103 |
Employment status | Linear | 0.148 | 1 | 0.148 | 3.403 | 0.069 |
Error | Linear | 3.740 | 86 | 0.043 |
ANOVAs | Sums of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. (Bilateral) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | |||||
Between groups | 0.110 | 2 | 0.055 | 0.286 | 0.752 |
Within groups | 18.224 | 95 | 0.192 | ||
Total | 18.333 | 97 | |||
Education Access | |||||
Between groups | 0.174 | 3 | 0.058 | 0.299 | 0.826 |
Within groups | 18.160 | 94 | 0.193 | ||
Total | 18.333 | 97 | |||
Family education | |||||
Between groups | 0.437 | 2 | 0.218 | 1.159 | 0.318 |
Within groups | 17.897 | 95 | 0.188 | ||
Total | 18.333 | 97 | |||
Previous social participation | |||||
Between groups | 0.030 | 1 | 0.030 | 0.159 | 0.691 |
Within groups | 18.303 | 96 | 0.191 | ||
Total | 18.333 | 97 | |||
Employment status | |||||
Between groups | 0.715 | 1 | 0.715 | 3.898 | 0.051 |
Within groups | 17.618 | 96 | 0.184 | ||
Total | 18.333 | 97 |
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Maravé-Vivas, M.; Salvador-Garcia, C.; Capella-Peris, C.; Gil-Gómez, J. Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors in the Promotion of Social Entrepreneurship: A Service-Learning Programme. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111318
Maravé-Vivas M, Salvador-Garcia C, Capella-Peris C, Gil-Gómez J. Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors in the Promotion of Social Entrepreneurship: A Service-Learning Programme. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111318
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaravé-Vivas, María, Celina Salvador-Garcia, Carlos Capella-Peris, and Jesús Gil-Gómez. 2021. "Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors in the Promotion of Social Entrepreneurship: A Service-Learning Programme" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111318