Effect of Differing Durations of High-Intensity Intermittent Activity on Cognitive Function in Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participant Characteristics
2.2. Study Design
2.2.1. Multi-Stage Fitness Test (MSFT)
2.2.2. Exercise Protocol
2.2.3. Cognitive Function Tests
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cognitive Function
3.1.1. Stroop Test
3.1.2. Sternberg Paradigm
3.1.3. Flanker Task
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Overall (n = 38) | Boys (n = 15) | Girls (n = 23) | p-Value a | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yrs) | 12.4 ± 0.4 | 12.3 ± 0.5 | 12.4 ± 0.4 | 0.507 |
Height (cm) | 157.7 ± 7.5 | 155.9 ± 9.1 | 159.0 ± 6.2 | 0.227 |
Body mass (kg) | 45.0 ± 7.2 | 44.2 ± 7.5 | 45.5 ± 7.1 | 0.573 |
Maturity offset (yrs) b | −1.4 ± 0.6 | −1.8 ± 0.4 | −1.2 ± 0.6 | 0.236 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 65.0 ± 4.9 | 64.5 ± 4.2 | 65.4 ± 5.4 | 0.580 |
Sum of skinfolds (mm) | 44.5 ± 13.7 | 39.9 ± 9.4 | 47.5 ± 15.4 | 0.097 |
Test | Level | Variable | 30 min Exercise Trial | 60 min Exercise Trial | Resting | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Immediately Post | 45 min Post | Pre | Immediately Post | 45 min Post | Pre | Immediately Post | 45 min Post | |||
Stroop test | Simple | Response times (ms) | 741 ± 19 | 717 ± 24 | 703 ± 22 | 732 ± 21 | 718 ± 26 | 736 ± 24 | 727 ± 22 | 723 ± 24 | 724 ± 22 |
Accuracy (%) | 98.4 ± 0.5 | 96.2 ± 0.8 | 97.0 ± 0.8 | 97.6 ± 0.6 | 96.2 ± 0.8 | 95.7 ± 0.9 | 97.3 ± 0.5 | 96.0 ± 0.7 | 95.4 ± 1.3 | ||
Complex | Response times (ms) | 1009 ± 34 | 974 ± 37 | 955 ± 34 | 1019 ± 36 | 971 ± 39 | 972 ± 44 | 1003 ± 37 | 952 ± 39 | 964 ± 39 | |
Accuracy (%) | 95.4 ± 0.6 | 95.7 ± 0.8 | 94.5 ± 1.1 | 95.9 ± 0.5 | 94.6 ± 0.7 | 94.4 ± 0.7 | 95.1 ± 0.6 | 93.4 ± 1.1 | 93.7 ± 1.3 | ||
Sternberg paradigm | One-item | Response times (ms) | 531 ± 19 | 541 ± 21 | 468 ± 15 | 529 ± 19 | 491 ± 22 | 499 ± 22 | 511 ± 17 | 483 ± 19 | 489 ± 16 |
Accuracy (%) | 97.2 ± 1.0 | 97.0 ± 1.0 | 94.4 ± 1.0 | 97.3 ± 1.0 | 97.0 ± 1.0 | 96.2 ± 1.0 | 96.9 ± 1.0 | 95.6 ± 1.0 | 95.6 ± 1.0 | ||
Three-item | Response times (ms) | 672 ± 17 | 650 ± 17 | 621 ± 16 | 663 ± 20 | 668 ± 30 | 660 ± 36 | 647 ± 20 | 649 ± 19 | 629 ± 21 | |
Accuracy (%) | 97.3 ± 0.6 | 95.0 ± 0.9 | 93.3 ± 0.7 | 96.1 ± 0.6 | 94.8 ± 0.7 | 95.0 ± 0.7 | 96.7 ± 0.6 | 94.7 ± 0.7 | 94.7 ± 0.9 | ||
Five-item | Response times (ms) | 831 ± 25 | 812 ± 24 | 789 ± 17 | 808 ± 28 | 807 ± 30 | 801 ± 31 | 823 ± 23 | 789 ± 22 | 757 ± 22 | |
Accuracy (%) | 94.7 ± 0.8 | 91.6 ± 1.1 | 91.9 ± 1.0 | 93.8 ± 0.8 | 92.1 ± 1.2 | 92.3 ± 1.1 | 92.5 ± 1.1 | 91.5 ± 1.0 | 89.9 ± 1.8 | ||
Flanker task | Congruent | Response times (ms) | 559 ± 15 | 529 ± 14 | 521 ± 14 | 567 ± 19 | 552 ± 21 | 553 ± 21 | 548 ± 15 | 544 ± 18 | 549 ± 17 |
Accuracy (%) | 98.9 ± 0.3 | 98.0 ± 0.5 | 98.7 ± 0.3 | 98.7 ± 0.3 | 98.3 ± 0.5 | 98.2 ± 0.4 | 99.2 ± 0.3 | 98.2 ± 0.8 | 97.9 ± 0.6 | ||
Incongruent | Response times (ms) | 587 ± 13 | 563 ± 15 | 556 ± 15 | 592 ± 20 | 593 ± 21 | 586 ± 20 | 587 ± 16 | 581 ± 20 | 582 ± 17 | |
Accuracy (%) | 95.8 ± 0.6 | 95.4 ± 0.7 | 94.0 ± 0.9 | 95.6 ± 0.6 | 94.5 ± 0.8 | 95.3 ± 0.7 | 95.9 ± 0.6 | 93.9 ± 0.7 | 94.7 ± 0.9 |
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Hatch, L.M.; Dring, K.J.; Williams, R.A.; Sunderland, C.; Nevill, M.E.; Cooper, S.B. Effect of Differing Durations of High-Intensity Intermittent Activity on Cognitive Function in Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11594. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111594
Hatch LM, Dring KJ, Williams RA, Sunderland C, Nevill ME, Cooper SB. Effect of Differing Durations of High-Intensity Intermittent Activity on Cognitive Function in Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11594. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111594
Chicago/Turabian StyleHatch, Lorna M., Karah J. Dring, Ryan A. Williams, Caroline Sunderland, Mary E. Nevill, and Simon B. Cooper. 2021. "Effect of Differing Durations of High-Intensity Intermittent Activity on Cognitive Function in Adolescents" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11594. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111594