Older Public Housing Tenants’ Capabilities for Physical Activity Described Using Walk-Along Interviews in Montreal, Canada
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Study Objectives
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Methodological Approach
2.3. Participants and Settings
2.4. Materials
2.5. Data Collection
2.6. Procedures
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Political Capabilities
“It’s the tenant committee that asked that we receive these machines specifically thanks to people’s power.”[C030]
B070: Well, that would be easier to access. I realize it would be easier to get there, but I hadn’t stopped and thought about it until you brought it up. Since I don’t often do that, I didn’t realize: “Ah, shucks, it’s too bad I can’t go through there.” Well, no, I’d have to lift [the walker] up here, but since I don’t do it often, I didn’t feel the need…Q: But in fact, you mentioned a little earlier not realizing it. That’s what I keep hearing from most people: “we don’t realize it”…B070: We take for granted; well, we don’t take for granted but we take it for granted that’s the way it is. We don’t think about how much better it would be for us.Q: What do you think about that?B070: Maybe it’s a bad habit…
“Well, we won’t go as far as to ask why the ministry is making [budget] cuts, that’s too far for us. But let’s come back here to… to [social housing]. We want to solve the problem in [social housing]. We don’t want to create problems. How can we solve this problem? We don’t have staff, we have volunteers. There are people here who are volunteers, we will do the cleaning. If, for example, the management here doesn’t have good counsellors, we have psychotherapists here. Does the management ask them for advice? They could ask them to take [charge]. But if the management it’s not their prerogative, their prerogative is just to make repairs. If a tenant is sick it’s up to that person to manage on their own…”[A060]
B090: No, no. You cannot. You’d be talking in a vacuum.Q: All the time?B090: That’s it. So, you can’t be against authority.Q: Aren’t the city people there to make things better for the residents?B090: They’re the ones who manage the social housing, they’re the ones who run the city. They have all the power.Q: How do they use their power? For the good…B090: Well, it’s the budget! It not any more complicated than that. It’s about what pays for itself.Q: What do you think they should do?B090: They do what they have to do to make it profitable.Q: Because it’s the right way to do it?B090: No, they don’t go according to the people.
3.2. Financial Capabilities
“It doesn’t cost anything, no. The only thing it costs you is your bathing cap, your glasses if you want, but a bathing cap is obligatory, and a bathing suit. You can’t swim naked: you’ll have the pool emptied! […] but I’m afraid to go to the pool and to catch [germs| again. Because there are people like that, like me, who caught germs.”[B060]
“You have to give us volunteers to help us or money, […] If we have money, we can move about. If we don’t have money, we stay put and shut up.”[C010]
Q: And you spoke about motivation earlier. What can we do to motivate the tenants?B080: Maybe if the government would send people to these places here, and uh… To get us moving.Q: To get you moving. What do you imagine? What would you want?B080: It’s not saying: “Form a committee and do it.” No, no, no. Someone to come and stimulate us. Stimulate us mentally!
3.3. Social Capabilities
“There are activities that many people do with the equipment… There is a pool table for other people who want to play pool too. And another uncomfortable thing is that there are a lot of people that we do not like to see because we know who they are because they are abusers. […] So, it’s the people who make it more or less pleasant for us.”[A070]
“For example, before, when I was president, I saw that every person has a talent. Every person is good at something. And I used their knowledge, I gave them confidence.”[C060]
“I couldn’t go in. […] No because there was a lady in our building who left her walker outside building once and it was stolen.”[A040]
3.4. Physical Capabilities
“I tell myself, ‘I have done enough, I’ve done a lot. I’ve done a lot of sports, I’ve done a lot of traveling, going out,’… Like I said, when we, especially in winter, I am a little afraid. Well, it’s scary to fall on the ice! Even if I have a spike on my cane… I won’t take my walker after spending weeks in physiotherapy!”[B010]
A040: No ramp. And it’s an old building, they’re not going to spend the money, you know. It’s a big problem here in Montreal. Too many steps, and you have to have for seniors… there’s a ton of seniors using walkers now. Like to enter a building, a ground level is important.Q: Have you told them?A040: Oh! Yes! You know they had a suggestion sheet.
“Well, look, a good example, me with the [injured] hip and knee, I don’t know what exercises to do really. Okay? I don’t know. Because I’m thinking to myself, ‘If I put this down and I start doing this, will it bother my hip?’ You know?… I don’t know!”[B020]
3.5. Psychological Capabilities
“Ah to move and be active it depends on me! I think it depends on me because if I don’t feel like doing something, I wouldn’t do it. If I feel like doing it, [I do it].”[C090]
“Because mood here [in public housing] is very important. If you have feelings that weigh on you, on your body, your body is weakened. You don’t even feel like doing these movements. Or to walk. Besides, when you see someone who is demoralized, you tell them to come out and we’ll go out, ‘No, I don’t want to go out’. That happens sometimes. He says no, leave me alone. So, if it repeats itself every time like that, well, the guy gets depressed. He doesn’t want to go out, he doesn’t want to go for a walk. He doesn’t want to because he has, he has another need. That need must be filled first and that need is his feelings that weigh down on the individual.”[C030]
“The unpleasant aspects [of the city] are inevitable and one must accept it. When you get it into your head that it’s normal, it’s not bothersome.”[A020]
4. Discussion
4.1. Implications for Practice
4.2. Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Booth, F.W.; Gordon, S.E.; Carlson, C.J.; Hamilton, M.T. Waging war on modern chronic diseases: Primary prevention through exercise biology. J. Appl. Physiol. 2000, 88, 774–787. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brach, J.S.; Simonsick, E.M.; Kritchevsky, S.; Yaffe, K.; Newman, A.B. The association between physical function and lifestyle activity and exercise in the health, aging and body composition study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2004, 52, 502–509. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- McPhee, J.S.; French, D.; Jackson, D.; Nazroo, J.; Pendleton, N.; Degens, H. Physical activity in older age: Perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty. Biogerontology 2016, 17, 567–580. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nocon, M.; Hiemann, T.; Muller-Riemenschneider, F.; Thalau, F.; Roll, S.; Willich, S.N. Association of physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Prev. Rehabil. 2008, 15, 239–246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Paterson, D.H.; Warburton, D.E. Physical activity and functional limitations in older adults: A systematic review related to Canada’s Physical Activity Guidelines. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2010, 7, 38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Vogel, T.; Brechat, P.-H.; Leprêtre, P.-M.; Kaltenbach, G.; Berthel, M.; Lonsdorfer, J. Health benefits of physical activity in older patients: A review. Int. J. Clin. Pr. 2009, 63, 303–320. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Warburton, D.E.R.; Nicol, C.W.; Bredin, S.S.D. Health benefits of physical activity: The evidence review. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 2006, 174, 801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- King, A.C.; King, D.K. Physical activity for an aging population. Public Health Rev. 2010, 32, 401–426. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- World Health Organization, (WHO). Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030: More Active People for a Healthier World; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Beenackers, M.A.; Kamphuis, C.B.M.; Giskes, K.; Brug, J.; Kunst, A.E.; Burdorf, A.; Van Lenthe, F.J. Socioeconomic inequalities in occupational, leisure-time, and transport related physical activity among European adults: A systematic review. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2012, 9, 116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Farrell, L.; Hollingsworth, B.; Propper, C.; Shields, M.A. The socioeconomic gradient in physical inactivity: Evidence from one million adults in England. Soc. Sci. Med. 2014, 123, 55–63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Petrovic, D.; de Mestral, C.; Bochud, M.; Bartley, M.; Kivimaki, M.; Vineis, P.; Mackenbach, J.; Stringhini, S. The contribution of health behaviors to socioeconomic inequalities in health: A systematic review. Prev. Med. 2018, 113, 15–31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Apparicio, P.; Séguin, A.M. Spatial Integration of Montreal Public Housing into the Social Environment. L’Espace Geogr. 2006, 35, 63–85. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bauman, A.E.; Reis, R.S.; Sallis, J.F.; Wells, J.C.; Loos, R.J.F.; Martin, B.W.; Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group. Correlates of physical activity: Why are some people physically active and others not? Lancet 2012, 380, 258–271. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Buchner, D.M.; Nicola, R.M.; Martin, M.L.; Patrick, N.L. Physical activity and health promotion for older adults in public housing. Am. J. Prev. Med. 1997, 13, 57–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- King, A.C.; Blair, S.N.; Bild, D.E.; Dishman, R.K.; Dubbert, P.M.; Marcus, B.H.; Oldridge, N.B.; Paffenbarger, R.S.; Powell, K.E.; Yeager, K.K. Determinants of physical activity and interventions in adults. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1992, 24, S221–S236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Rivest, F.; Beauvais, B. La Santé des Résidents de HLM: Analyse Comparative de la Santé de la Population à Faible Revenu Selon le Mode D’occupation. 2015. Available online: http://www.habitation.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/internet/publications/0000023943.pdf (accessed on 3 August 2020).
- Shelton, R.C.; McNeill, L.H.; Puleo, E.; Wolin, K.; Emmons, K.M.; Bennett, G.G. The association between social factors and physical activity among low-income adults living in public housing. Am. J. Public Health 2011, 101, 2102–2110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Black, B.S.; Rabins, P.V.; German, S.P.; McCuire, M.; Roca, R. Need and unmet need for mental health care among elderly public housing residents. Gerontologist 1997, 37, 717–728. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Larkin, H.; Aykanian, A.; Dean, E.; Lee, E. Adverse Childhood experiences and substance use history among vulnerable older adults living in public housing. J. Gerontol. Soc. Work. 2017, 60, 428–442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Simning, A.; Conwell, Y.; Van Wijngaarden, E. Cognitive impairment in public housing residents living in Western New York. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 2014, 49, 477–485. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Burton, N.W.; Turrell, G.; Oldenburg, B. Participation in recreational physical activity: Why do socioeconomic groups differ? Health Educ. Behav. 2003, 30, 225–244. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Foster, C.; Hillsdon, M.; Thorogood, M.; Kaur, A.; Wedatilake, T. Interventions for promoting physical activity. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2005, 1, CD003180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Marmot, M.; Goldblatt, P.; Allen, J. Fair Society, Healthy Lives: The Marmot Review. Available online: https://www.artshealthresources.org.uk/docs/fair-society-healthy-lives-the-marmot-review/ (accessed on 3 August 2020).
- Lee, R.E.; Cubbin, C. Striding toward social justice. Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 2009, 37, 10–17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nussbaum, M.C. Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 2000. [Google Scholar]
- Spence, J.C.; Lee, R.E. Toward a comprehensive model of physical activity. Psychol. Sport Exerc. 2003, 4, 7–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Eronen, J.; von Bonsdorff, M.; Törmäkangas, T.; Rantakokko, M.; Portegijs, E.; Viljanen, A.; Rantanen, T. Barriers to outdoor physical activity and unmet physical activity need in older adults. Prev. Med. 2014, 67, 106–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Horelli, L. Environmental human-friendliness as a contextual determinant for quality of life. Eur. Rev. Appl. Psychol. 2006, 56, 15–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lu, Y.; Chen, L.; Yang, Y.; Gou, Z. The association of built environment and physical activity in older adults: Using a citywide public housing scheme to reduce residential self-selection bias. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1973. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Frohlich, K.L.; Potvin, L. The inequality paradox: The population approach and vulnerable populations. Am. J. Public Health 2008, 98, 216–221. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Porcherie, M.; Le Bihan-Youinou, B.; Pommier, J. At what scale should proportionate universalism be applied to ensure health equity? Towards a contextualised approach to prevention and health promotion actions. Sante Publique. 2018, 1, 25–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shinn, M. Community psychology and the capabilities approach. Am. J. Community Psychol. 2015, 55, 243–252. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Nussbaum, M.C. Creating capabilities: The human development approach and its implementation. Hypatia 2008, 24, 211–215. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Law, I.; Widdows, H. Conceptualising health: Insights from the capability approach. Health Care Anal. 2007, 16, 303–314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sauter, A.; Curbach, J.; Rueter, J.; Lindacher, V.; Loss, J. German senior citizens’ capabilities for physical activity: A qualitative study. Health Promot. Int. 2019, 35, 171. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Frahsa, A.; Streber, A.; Wolff, A.R.; Rütten, A. Capabilities for physical activity by Turkish- and Russian-speaking immigrants aged 65 years and older in Germany: A qualitative study. J. Aging Phys. Act. 2020, 28, 567–579. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mendoza-Vasconez, A.S.; Linke, S.; Muñoz, M.; Pekmezi, D.; Ainsworth, C.; Cano, M.; Williams, V.; Marcus, B.H.; Larsen, B.A. Promoting physical activity among underserved populations. Curr. Sports Med. Rep. 2016, 15, 290–297. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roman, C.G.; Knight, C.R.; Chalfin, A.; Popkin, S.J. The relation of the perceived environment to fear, physical activity, and health in public housing developments: Evidence from Chicago. J. Public Health Policy 2009, 30, S286–S308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Scammell, M.K.; Torres, S.; Wayman, J.; Greenwood, N.; Thomas, G.; Kozlowski, L.; Bowen, D. Balancing act: Approaches to healthy eating and physical activity among Boston public housing residents. J. Prev. Interv. Community 2015, 43, 109–122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yancey, A.K.; Ory, M.G.; Davis, S.M. Dissemination of physical activity promotion interventions in underserved populations. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2006, 31, 82–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Digenis-Bury, E.C.; Brooks, D.R.; Chen, L.; Ostrem, M.; Horsburgh, C.R. Use of a population-based survey to describe the health of Boston public housing residents. Am. J. Public Health 2008, 98, 85–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gonyea, J.G.; Curley, A.; Melekis, K.; Levine, N.; Lee, Y. Loneliness and depression among older adults in urban subsidized housing. J. Aging Health 2018, 30, 458–474. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stephens, C.; Breheny, M.; Mansvelt, J. Healthy ageing from the perspective of older people: A capability approach to resilience. Psychol. Health 2014, 30, 715–731. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- White, R.G. Mental wellbeing in the Anthropocene: Socio-ecological approaches to capability enhancement. Transcult. Psychiatry 2018, 57, 44–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Patton, M.Q. Qualitative Research and Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice; SAGE Publications: New York, NY, USA, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Denzin, N.K.; Lincoln, Y.S. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research, 5th ed.; Denzin, N.K., Lincoln, Y.S., Eds.; SAGE Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA, USA, 2017; ISBN 9781483349800. [Google Scholar]
- Saint-Onge, K.; Bernard, P.; Kingsbury, C. “To be moving is to be alive”: A walk-along study describing older public hous-ing tenants’ perceptions of physical activity. J. Aging Phys. Act. 2021, Submitted. [Google Scholar]
- Office Municipal d’habitation de Montréal the OMHM in Figures. Available online: https://www.omhm.qc.ca/en/about-us/omhm-figures (accessed on 3 August 2020).
- Kusenbach, M. Street phenomenology. Ethnography 2003, 4, 455–485. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carpiano, R.M. Come take a walk with me: The “Go-Along” interview as a novel method for studying the implications of place for health and well-being. Health Place 2009, 15, 263–272. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Garcia, C.M.; Eisenberg, M.E.; Frerich, E.A.; Lechner, K.E.; Lust, K. Conducting go-along interviews to understand context and promote health. Qual. Health Res. 2012, 22, 1395–1403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kirkevold, M.; Bergland, Å. The quality of qualitative data: Issues to consider when interviewing participants who have difficulties providing detailed accounts of their experiences. Int. J. Qual. Stud. Health Well-Being 2007, 2, 68–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hayre, C.M.; Muller, D.J. Enhancing Healthcare and Rehabilitation: The Impact of Qualitative Research; Hayre, C.M., Muller, D.J., Eds.; Taylor & Francis Group: New York, NY, USA, 2019. [Google Scholar]
- Holloway, I. Qualitative Writing. In Qualitative Research in Healthcare; Open University Press: London, UK, 2005. [Google Scholar]
- Downing, S.; Polzer, K.; Levan, K. Space, Time, and reflexive interviewing: Implications for qualitative research with active, incarcerated, and former criminal offenders. Int. J. Qual. Methods 2013, 12, 478–497. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Van Cauwenberg, J.; Clarys, P.; De Bourdeaudhuij, I.; Van Holle, V.; Verte, D.; De Witte, N.; De Donder, L.; Buffel, T.; Dury, S. Physical environmental factors related to walking and cycling in older adults: The Belgian aging studies. BMC Public Health 2012, 12, 142. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Groll, D.L.; To, T.; Bombardier, C.; Wright, J.G. The development of a comorbidity index with physical function as the outcome. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2005, 58, 595–602. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- de Souto Barreto, P.; Ferrandez, A.M.; Saliba-Serre, B. Validation of the QAPPA, a new tool for assessing physical activity among French-speaking elderly. Sci. Sport. 2011, 26, 11–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Braun, V.; Clarke, V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual. Res. Psychol. 2006, 3, 77–101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Smith, B.; McGannon, K. Developing rigor in qualitative research: Problems and opportunities within sport and exercise psychology. Int. Rev. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 2018, 11, 101–121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Faulkner, G.; Carless, D. Physical activity in the process of psychiatric rehabilitation: Theoretical and methodological issues. Psychiatr. Rehabilitation J. 2006, 29, 258–266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Korkiakangas, E.; Taanila, A.M.; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. Motivation to physical activity among adults with high risk of type 2 diabetes who participated in the Oulu substudy of the Finnish diabetes prevention study. Health Soc. Care Community 2010, 19, 15–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Steinmo, S.; Hagger-Johnson, G.; Shahab, L. Bidirectional association between mental health and physical activity in older adults: Whitehall II prospective cohort study. Prev. Med. 2014, 66, 74–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ferrer, R.L.; Cruz, I.; Burge, S.; Bayles, B.; Castilla, M.I. Measuring capability for healthy diet and physical activity. Ann. Fam. Med. 2014, 12, 46–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Donoghue, J.; Tranter, B. Social capital, interpersonal trust, and public housing. Aust. Soc. Work. 2012, 65, 413–430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, D.; Feng, L.; Gao, Q.; Li, J.L.; Rajendran, K.S.; Wong, J.C.M.; Kua, E.H.; Ng, T.-P. Association between fish intake and depressive symptoms among community-living older Chinese adults in Singapore: A cross-sectional study. J. Nutr. Heal. Aging 2016, 20, 404–407. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Galster, G.C. The mechanism(s) of neighbourhood effects: Theory, evidence, and policy implications. In Neighbourhood Effects Research: New Perspectives; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2012; pp. 23–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taylor, A.H.; Cable, N.; Faulkner, G.; Hillsdon, M.; Narici, M.V.; Van Der Bij, A.K. Physical activity and older adults: A review of health benefits and the effectiveness of interventions. J. Sports Sci. 2004, 22, 703–725. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- World Health Organization, (WHO). World Report on Ageing and Health; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Havighurst, R.J.; Albrecht, R. Older People; Longmans: New York, NY, USA, 1953. [Google Scholar]
- Asiamah, N. Social engagement and physical activity: Commentary on why the activity and disengagement theories of ageing may both be valid. Cogent Med. 2017, 4, 1289664. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cumming, E.; Henry, W. Growing Old: The Process of Disengagement; Basic Books: New York, NY, USA, 1961; ISBN 0405 118147. [Google Scholar]
- Kranzler, Y.; Parag, Y.; Davidovitch, N. Public health from the middle-out: A new analytical perspective. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 4993. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Smith, B.J.; Tang, K.C.; Nutbeam, D. WHO health promotion glossary: New terms. Health Promot. Int. 2006, 21, 340–345. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hand, C.; Rudman, D.L.; Huot, S.; Pack, R.; Gilliland, J. Enacting agency: Exploring how older adults shape their neighbourhoods. Ageing Soc. 2020, 40, 565–583. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- McNeil, H.; Elliott, J.B.; Huson, K.; Ashbourne, J.; Heckman, G.A.; Walker, J.; Stolee, P. Engaging older adults in healthcare research and planning: A realist synthesis. Res. Involv. Engag. 2016, 2, 1–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Fritz, P.J.; Irwin, K.; Bouza, L. Using a community workshop model to initiate policy, systems, and environmental change that support active L+living in Indiana, 2014–2015. Prev. Chronic Dis. 2017, 14, E74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- King, D. Neighborhood and individual factors in activity in older adults: Results from the neighborhood and senior health study. J. Aging Phys. Act. 2008, 16, 144–170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, R.E.; Mama, S.K.; McAlexander, K.P.; Adamus, H.; Medina, A.V. Neighborhood and PA: Neighborhood factors and physical activity in African American public housing residents. J. Phys. Act. Health 2011, 8, S83–S90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moran, M.R.; Werner, P.; Doron, I.; Hagani, N.; Benvenisti, Y.; King, A.C.; Winter, S.J.; Sheats, J.L.; Garber, R.; Motro, H.; et al. Exploring the objective and perceived environmental attributes of older adults’ neighborhood walking routes: A mixed methods analysis. J. Aging Phys. Act. 2017, 25, 420–431. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tuckett, A.G.; Freeman, A.; Hetherington, S.; Gardiner, P.A.; King, A.C. Older adults using our voice citizen science to create change in their neighborhood environment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2685. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Winter, S.J.; Rosas, L.G.; Romero, P.P.; Sheats, J.L.; Buman, M.; Baker, C.; King, A.C. Using citizen scientists to gather, analyze, and disseminate information about neighborhood features that affect active living. J. Immigr. Minor. Health 2016, 18, 1126–1138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
Capabilities | Examples |
---|---|
1. Life bodily health | Health conditions (e.g., diabetes, life expectancy) |
2. Bodily integrity | Physical ability or disability (e.g., loss of limbs, hip fracture) |
3. Senses, imagination, and thought | Ability to take in information (e.g., read, see) learn and reason |
4. Emotions | Quality and management of emotional states |
5. Affiliation: Living with and toward others | Access to social interactions |
6. Affiliation: Having the social bases of self-respect and non-humiliation | Quality of social interactions |
7. Practical reason | Ability to discern information and make decisions |
8. Political control over one’s environment | Ability to influence power over one’s living conditions |
9. Material control over one’s environment | Access to financial or other instrumental means |
10. Play | Access and ability to experiences of pleasure and learning |
11. Other species | Exposure to and influence of animals and plants on wellbeing |
Characteristic | N (100%) |
---|---|
Total sample size | 26 |
Age in years | |
Mean (STD) | 71.96 (8.0) |
Sex | |
Women | 18 (69%) |
Country of birth | |
Canada | 14 (54%) |
Other | 12 (46%) |
Yearly income | |
C$ 9999 or less | 2 (7.7%) |
C$ 10,000–19,999 | 17 (65.4%) |
C$20,000–39,999 | 5 (19.2%) |
NRP | 2 (7.7%) |
Education level | |
Secondary or less | 17 (65.4%) |
College diploma | 2 (7.7%) |
University diploma | 7 (26.9%) |
Functional comorbidity index | |
Mean (STD) | 3.40 (2.8) |
Self-reported physical health | |
Very good | 11 (42.3%) |
Good | 10 (38.5%) |
Average | 4 (15.4%) |
Bad | 1 (3.9%) |
Very bad | - |
Self-reported mental health | |
Very good | 6 (23.1%) |
Good | 11 (42.3%) |
Average | 7 (26.9%) |
Bad | 2 (0.8%) |
Very bad | - |
Self-reported social support | |
Very good | 7 (26.9%) |
Good | 13 (50.0%) |
Average | 4 (15.4%) |
Bad | 1 |
Very bad | - |
NRP | 1 |
Level of physical activity | |
Low activity | 19 (65.4%) |
Moderate activity | 9 (34.6%) |
High activity | 0 |
Socioecological System | Existing Opportunities | Suggested by Tenants |
---|---|---|
Individual | Informal personal engagement in the building and community |
|
Public housing building and authority |
|
|
Community |
|
|
Government |
|
|
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Saint-Onge, K.; Bernard, P.; Kingsbury, C.; Houle, J. Older Public Housing Tenants’ Capabilities for Physical Activity Described Using Walk-Along Interviews in Montreal, Canada. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11647. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111647
Saint-Onge K, Bernard P, Kingsbury C, Houle J. Older Public Housing Tenants’ Capabilities for Physical Activity Described Using Walk-Along Interviews in Montreal, Canada. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11647. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111647
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaint-Onge, Kadia, Paquito Bernard, Célia Kingsbury, and Janie Houle. 2021. "Older Public Housing Tenants’ Capabilities for Physical Activity Described Using Walk-Along Interviews in Montreal, Canada" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11647. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111647