Burnout in French General Practitioners: A Nationwide Prospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Instrument Survey—Outcomes
2.3.1. Burnout
2.3.2. Occupational Characteristics
2.3.3. Personal Characteristics
2.4. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Burnout Prevalence
3.2. Burnout by Sociodemographic and Occupational Characteristics
3.2.1. Sociodemographic Variables
3.2.2. Career Characteristics
3.2.3. Setting Characteristics
3.2.4. Social Practice Context
3.2.5. Work Support
3.2.6. Workload
3.2.7. Emergency Activity
3.3. Relationships between Other Variables Than Burnout
3.3.1. Sociodemographic Variables
3.3.2. Setting Characteristics
3.3.3. Social Practice Context
3.3.4. Work Support, Workload, and Emergency Activity
3.4. Multivariate Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Burnout Prevalence
4.2. Risk Factors
4.3. Protective Factors
4.4. Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total Sample | Level of Burnout | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Burnout | Low Burnout | Intermediate Burnout | Severe Burnout | |||
n (%) or Mean ± SD | n (%) or Mean ± SD | n (%) or Mean ± SD | n (%) or Mean ± SD | n (%) or Mean ± SD | ||
Total | 1926 (100%) | 1063 (55.2%) | 502 (26.1%) | 268 (13.9%) | 93 (4.8%) | <0.001 |
Sociodemographic | ||||||
Gender | ||||||
Female | 916 (47.7%) | 540 (50.9%) | 234 (46.7%) | 111 (41.9%) | 31 (33.3%) | <0.001 |
Male | 1004 (52.3%) | 521 (49.1%) | 267 (53.3%) | 154 (58.1%) | 62 (66.7%) | |
Age | ||||||
mean | 50.0 ± 10.7 | 49.7 ± 11.2 | 50.2 ± 10.5 | 49.8 ± 9.8 | 52.5 ± 8.6 | 0.098 |
<50 years old | 840 (43.8%) | 488 (46%) | 204 (40.7%) | 118 (44.4%) | 30 (32.6%) | 0.033 |
≥50 years old | 1080 (56.2%) | 573 (54%) | 297 (59.3%) | 148 (55.6%) | 62 (67.4%) | |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 89 (4.6%) | 37 (3.5%) | 29 (5.8%) | 18 (6.7%) | 5 (5.4%) | 0.214 |
Married or in couple | 1644 (85.6%) | 920 (86.6%) | 425 (85.2%) | 223 (83.5%) | 76 (82.6%) | |
Divorced, separated, or widowed | 187 (9.8%) | 105 (9.9%) | 45 (9%) | 26 (9.8%) | 11 (12%) | |
Parenthood | ||||||
Yes | 1709 (89%) | 958 (90.5%) | 433 (86.6%) | 235 (87.7%) | 83 (89.2%) | 0.125 |
No | 211 (11%) | 101 (9.5%) | 67 (13.4%) | 33 (12.3%) | 10 (10.8%) | |
Career characteristics | ||||||
Career length | ||||||
mean | 20.7 ± 11.2 | 20.5 ± 11.6 | 20.9 ± 11.2 | 20.4 ± 10 | 23 ± 9.4 | 0.222 |
<20 years | 807 (42.6%) | 467 (44.4%) | 200 (40.7%) | 112 (43.1%) | 28 (30.8%) | 0.059 |
≥20 years | 1087 (57.4%) | 584 (55.6%) | 292 (59.3%) | 148 (56.9%) | 63 (69.2%) | |
Further qualifications | ||||||
Yes | 1219 (56.2%) | 665 (55.3%) | 329 (57.3%) | 174 (58.4%) | 51 (52.6%) | 0.624 |
No | 952 (43.8%) | 537 (44.7%) | 245 (42.7%) | 124 (41.6%) | 46 (47.4%) | |
Setting characteristics | ||||||
Setting location | ||||||
Rural | 427 (22.3%) | 238 (22.5%) | 113 (22.7%) | 67 (25.1%) | 9 (9.7%) | 0.008 |
Suburban | 746 (38.9%) | 398 (37.6%) | 192 (38.5%) | 103 (38.6%) | 53 (57%) | |
Urban | 743 (38.8%) | 422 (39.9%) | 193 (38.8%) | 97 (36.3%) | 31 (33.3%) | |
Commuting time (min) | ||||||
mean | 11.8 ± 11.3 | 11.3 ± 10.5 | 12.3 ± 11.1 | 12.8 ± 14.1 | 12.9 ± 12.4 | 0.088 |
<12 min | 1184 (62.2%) | 668 (63.5%) | 303 (60.8%) | 156 (59.1%) | 57 (62%) | 0.527 |
≥12 min | 722 (37.8%) | 384 (36.5%) | 195 (39.2%) | 108 (40.9%) | 35 (38%) | |
Social environment | ||||||
Group practice | ||||||
Yes | 1242 (65.4%) | 725 (69%) | 321 (65.1%) | 151 (56.6%) | 45 (50.6%) | <0.001 |
No | 657 (34.6%) | 325 (31%) | 172 (34.9%) | 116 (43.4%) | 44 (49.4%) | |
Home visits | ||||||
Yes | 1740 (91.6%) | 970 (92.4%) | 451 (91.3%) | 248 (92.9%) | 71 (79.8%) | <0.001 |
No | 160 (8.4%) | 80 (7.6%) | 43 (8.7%) | 19 (7.1%) | 18 (20.2%) | |
Resident training | ||||||
Yes | 608 (31.8%) | 384 (36.4%) | 136 (27.5%) | 71 (26.8%) | 17 (18.3%) | <0.001 |
No | 1300 (68.2%) | 671 (63.6%) | 359 (72.5%) | 194 (73.2%) | 76 (81.7%) | |
Work support | ||||||
Administrative support | ||||||
Yes— on site or by phone | 1436 (76.5%) | 813 (78%) | 376 (77.2%) | 183 (70.1%) | 64 (73.6%) | 0.050 |
No | 441 (23.5%) | 229 (22%) | 111 (22.8%) | 78 (29.9%) | 23 (26.4%) | |
Partly salaried | ||||||
Yes | 283 (14.8%) | 162 (15.3%) | 73 (14.7%) | 34 (12.7%) | 14 (15%) | 0.755 |
No | 1632 (85.2%) | 895 (84.7%) | 424 (85.3%) | 234 (87.3%) | 79 (85%) | |
Workload | ||||||
Weekly hours | ||||||
Mean | 50.6 ± 12.4 | 49.1 ± 12 | 51 ± 11.9 | 54.4 ± 13.4 | 53.7 ± 13 | <0.001 |
<50 h/weeks | 805 (41.9%) | 503 (47.4%) | 196 (39.1%) | 77 (29%) | 29 (31.5%) | <0.001 |
≥50 h/weeks | 1115 (58.1%) | 558 (52.6%) | 305 (60.9%) | 189 (71%) | 63 (68.5%) | |
Number of daily consultations | ||||||
Mean | 28.6 ± 11.1 | 27.7 ± 9.8 | 28.9 ± 10.3 | 30.6 ± 15.9 | 32 ± 10.5 | <0.001 |
<28 consultations/day | 961 (51.2%) | 569 (54.7%) | 243 (49.9%) | 117 (45%) | 32 (36%) | <0.001 |
≥28 consultations/day | 915 (48.8%) | 471 (45.3%) | 244 (50.1%) | 143 (55%) | 57 (64%) | |
Emergency activity | ||||||
Emergency work | ||||||
Yes | 1166 (60.9%) | 639 (60.4%) | 309 (62.2%) | 166 (61.9%) | 52 (55.9%) | 0.673 |
No | 750 (39.1%) | 419 (39.6%) | 188 (37.8%) | 102 (38.1%) | 41 (44.1%) | |
Emergency work regulated by EMD | ||||||
Yes | 1033 (88.9%) | 563 (88.1%) | 278 (90.3%) | 148 (90.2%) | 44 (86.3%) | 0.650 |
No | 129 (11.1%) | 76 (11.9%) | 30 (9.7%) | 16 (9.8%) | 7 (13.7%) | |
Night shifts | ||||||
Yes | 221 (18.9%) | 121 (18.9%) | 55 (17.8%) | 32 (19.3%) | 13 (25.5%) | 0.638 |
No | 944 (81.1%) | 518 (81.1%) | 254 (82.2%) | 134 (80.7%) | 38 (74.5%) |
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Dutheil, F.; Parreira, L.M.; Eismann, J.; Lesage, F.-X.; Balayssac, D.; Lambert, C.; Clinchamps, M.; Pezet, D.; Pereira, B.; Le Roy, B. Burnout in French General Practitioners: A Nationwide Prospective Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12044. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212044
Dutheil F, Parreira LM, Eismann J, Lesage F-X, Balayssac D, Lambert C, Clinchamps M, Pezet D, Pereira B, Le Roy B. Burnout in French General Practitioners: A Nationwide Prospective Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(22):12044. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212044
Chicago/Turabian StyleDutheil, Frédéric, Lenise M. Parreira, Julia Eismann, François-Xavier Lesage, David Balayssac, Céline Lambert, Maëlys Clinchamps, Denis Pezet, Bruno Pereira, and Bertrand Le Roy. 2021. "Burnout in French General Practitioners: A Nationwide Prospective Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22: 12044. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212044