Systematic Review of the Literature on Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease in Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Individuals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- There are no differences regarding carious pathology and periodontal disease between socio-economically disadvantaged subjects and the normal population.
- There are no differences concerning caries and periodontal disease between different categories of socio-economically disadvantaged and vulnerable individuals.
- There are no differences in terms of caries and periodontal disease in socio-economically disadvantaged individuals who combine different types of socio-economic vulnerability.
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Prevalence of Caries
3.2. Caries Experience (DMFT)
3.3. Gingivitis
3.4. Periodontitis
3.5. Complete Edentulism
3.6. Partial Tooth Loss (Partial Edentulism)
3.6.1. The Elderly
3.6.2. Low-Education People
3.6.3. Low-Income People
3.6.4. Ethnic/Race Minorities
3.6.5. Populations Living in Rural Areas
3.6.6. Subjects with Precarious/Unhealthy Working Conditions
3.6.7. Subjects with Negative Experiences in Childhood
3.7. Dental Service Attendance
3.8. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL)
3.9. Oral Health Perception
3.10. Emergency Room Treatments Due to Non-Traumatic Injuries
3.11. People with Multiple Social Vulnerabilities
3.12. Quality Assessment of Included Studies
4. Discussion
Limitations
- Considering the scope of providing an overall view of dental–periodontal health involving all types of socially vulnerable subjects, this review does not present a complete picture for two reasons. The first reason is that in the literature (consequently in our review), not all types of vulnerable subjects are mentioned in relation to their dental–periodontal health. The second reason is that in many groups of vulnerable subjects, not all the dental–periodontal health outcomes (those indicated in the “Materials and Methods” section of this review) were described, and in some cases even the primary ones were missing.
- The high level of heterogeneity (I2 > 90%) of results relative to the majority of the outcomes in this review reduces the reliability of conclusions on the dental–periodontal health of vulnerable subjects, who were the focus of our research
- This systematic review did not take into account the differences between developing and underdeveloped countries in the assessment of socially vulnerable people. This was to limit any subgroup analysis (especially in some groups of vulnerable subjects described by only a few studies with a reduced number of participants) in order to avoid the risk of compromising the accuracy of the results by reducing the sample size of enrolled individuals.
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cianetti, S.; Valenti, C.; Orso, M.; Lomurno, G.; Nardone, M.; Lomurno, A.P.; Pagano, S.; Lombardo, G. Systematic Review of the Literature on Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease in Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Individuals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312360
Cianetti S, Valenti C, Orso M, Lomurno G, Nardone M, Lomurno AP, Pagano S, Lombardo G. Systematic Review of the Literature on Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease in Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Individuals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(23):12360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312360
Chicago/Turabian StyleCianetti, Stefano, Chiara Valenti, Massimiliano Orso, Giuseppe Lomurno, Michele Nardone, Anna Palma Lomurno, Stefano Pagano, and Guido Lombardo. 2021. "Systematic Review of the Literature on Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease in Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Individuals" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23: 12360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312360
APA StyleCianetti, S., Valenti, C., Orso, M., Lomurno, G., Nardone, M., Lomurno, A. P., Pagano, S., & Lombardo, G. (2021). Systematic Review of the Literature on Dental Caries and Periodontal Disease in Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Individuals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23), 12360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312360