COVID-19 Impact in the Italian Reception System for Migrants during the Nationwide Lockdown: A National Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Setting, Population, and Timing
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Reception Centres and Hosts
3.2. Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 Cases
3.2.1. Geographical Distribution and Characteristics of Facilities
3.2.2. Confirmed Cases Characteristics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Region/AP | Total N of Facilities | Facilities Participating in the Survey | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
N | % (Of the Regional Amount) | % (Of Facilities Participating in the Survey) | ||
Piedmont | 789 | 604 | 76.55 | 11.99 |
Aosta Valley | 17 | 15 | 88.24 | 0.30 |
Lombardy | 995 | 749 | 75.28 | 14.87 |
Autonomous Province of Bolzano | 53 | 43 | 81.13 | 0.85 |
Autonomous Province of Trento | 91 | 68 | 74.73 | 1.35 |
Veneto | 476 | 343 | 72.06 | 6.81 |
Friuli Venezia Giulia | 299 | 149 | 49.83 | 2.96 |
Liguria | 328 | 217 | 66.16 | 4.31 |
Emilia-Romagna | 990 | 855 | 86.36 | 16.97 |
Tuscany | 475 | 275 | 57.89 | 5.46 |
Umbria | 134 | 76 | 56.72 | 1.51 |
Marche | 198 | 175 | 88.38 | 3.47 |
Lazio | 552 | 459 | 83.15 | 9.11 |
Abruzzo | 86 | 67 | 77.91 | 1.33 |
Molise | 74 | 51 | 68.92 | 1.01 |
Campania | 289 | 156 | 53.98 | 3.10 |
Apulia | 264 | 204 | 77.27 | 4.05 |
Basilicata | 122 | 99 | 81.15 | 1.97 |
Calabria | 235 | 167 | 71.06 | 3.31 |
Sicily | 295 | 212 | 71.86 | 4.21 |
Sardinia | 75 | 54 | 72.00 | 1.07 |
Macro-areas | ||||
Northern Italy | 4038 | 3043 | - | 75.36 |
Central Italy | 1359 | 985 | - | 72.48 |
Southern Italy and Islands | 1440 | 1010 | - | 70.14 |
p < 0.001 | ||||
Total | 6837 | 5038 | 73.69 | 100.00 |
Characteristics | N (%) |
---|---|
Participating facilities | 5038 (73.7) |
Geographical distribution | |
Northern Italy | 3043 (60.4) |
Central Italy | 985 (19.6) |
South and Islands | 1010 (20.1) |
Typology | |
First reception | |
CAS | 3750 (74.4) |
CARA | 4 (0.1) |
Second reception | |
SIPROIMI | 1210 (24) |
SIPROIMI MSNA | 33 (0.7) |
Others/unspecified | 41 (0.8) |
Accommodation | |
Shared room | 3450 (68.5) |
Single room | 507 (10.1) |
Mixed | 1081(21.5) |
Average n. of guests (by centre) | 11.8 |
First reception | |
CAS | 15.9 |
CARA | 418.5 |
Second reception | |
SIPROIMI | 6.3 |
SIPROIMI MSNA | 13.8 |
Others/unspecified | 37.8 |
Facilities saturation index (%) (by geographical macro-area) | |
Northern Italy | 86.4 |
Central Italy | 84.3 |
Southern Italy and Islands | 66.3 |
p < 0.001 |
Characteristics | N (%) |
---|---|
N | 59,648 |
Geographical distribution | |
Northern Italy | 30,471 (51.1) |
Central Italy | 11,833 (19.8) |
Southern Italy and Islands | 17,344 (29.1) |
Most represented nationalities | |
Nigeria | 16,207 (27.2) |
Pakistan | 7040 (11.8) |
Gambia | 4669 (7.8) |
Bangladesh | 3715 (6.2) |
Senegal | 3512 (5.9) |
Reception System | Italian Resident Population | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cumulative Incidence per 100,000 | 95% CI | Cumulative Incidence per 100,000 | 95% CI | |
Northern Italy | 774.51 | 676.08–872.94 | 690.98 | 687.89–694.07 |
Central Italy | 16.90 | 0.00–40.32 | 222.03 | 219.35–224.72 |
Southern Italy and Islands | 5.77 | 0.00–17.07 | 95.14 | 93.80–96.49 |
Italy | 400.68 | 349.99–451.38 | 396.21 | 394.61–397.80 |
Type of Facility | Confirmed Cases | Total Hosts |
---|---|---|
CAS | 197 | 48,294 |
CARA | 0 | 1674 |
SIPROIMI | 18 | 7676 |
SIPROIMI MSNA | 0 | 454 |
Others/Unspecified | 24 | 1550 |
Total | 239 | 59,648 |
Characteristics | N (%) |
---|---|
N | 239 (0.4) |
Sex | |
Male | 217 (90.8) |
Female | 22 (9.2) |
Class Age (years) | |
0–4 | 4 (1.7) |
10–14 | 0 |
15–19 | 2 (0.8) |
20–24 | 62 (25.9) |
25–29 | 77 (32.2) |
30–34 | 54 (22.6) |
35–39 | 20 (8.4) |
40–44 | 7 (2.9) |
45–49 | 8 (3.4) |
50–54 | 4 (1.7) |
60–64 | 1 (0.4) |
Clinical appearance | |
Symptomatic | 80 (33.5) |
Asymptomatic | 159 (66.5) |
Comorbidities | |
Yes | 15 (6.3) |
No | 224 (93.7) |
Hospitalised cases | 62 (25.9) |
With comorbidities | 7 (11.3) |
Without comorbidities | 55 (88.7) |
Non-hospitalised cases | 177 (74.1) |
With comorbidities | 8 (4.5) |
Without comorbidities | 169 (95.4) |
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Sisti, L.G.; Di Napoli, A.; Petrelli, A.; Rossi, A.; Diodati, A.; Menghini, M.; Mirisola, C.; Costanzo, G. COVID-19 Impact in the Italian Reception System for Migrants during the Nationwide Lockdown: A National Observational Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12380. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312380
Sisti LG, Di Napoli A, Petrelli A, Rossi A, Diodati A, Menghini M, Mirisola C, Costanzo G. COVID-19 Impact in the Italian Reception System for Migrants during the Nationwide Lockdown: A National Observational Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(23):12380. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312380
Chicago/Turabian StyleSisti, Leuconoe Grazia, Anteo Di Napoli, Alessio Petrelli, Alessandra Rossi, Alessandra Diodati, Martina Menghini, Concetta Mirisola, and Gianfranco Costanzo. 2021. "COVID-19 Impact in the Italian Reception System for Migrants during the Nationwide Lockdown: A National Observational Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23: 12380. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312380