Electric and Manual Oral Hygiene Routines Affect Plaque Index Score Differently

Bahammam, Shaima; Chen, Chia-Yu; Ishida, Yoshiki; Hayashi, Akito; Ikeda, Yutaka; Ishii, Hiroaki; Kim, David M.; Nagai, Shigemi

doi:10.3390/ijerph182413123

Open AccessArticle

Electric and Manual Oral Hygiene Routines Affect Plaque Index Score Differently

by

Shaima Bahammam

,

Chia-Yu Chen

^*

,

Yoshiki Ishida

,

Akito Hayashi

,

Yutaka Ikeda

,

Hiroaki Ishii

,

David M. Kim

and

Shigemi Nagai

Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 13123; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413123

Submission received: 30 November 2021 / Revised: 6 December 2021 / Accepted: 7 December 2021 / Published: 12 December 2021

(This article belongs to the Topic State-of-the-Art Dentistry and Oral Health)

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Abstract

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the oral hygiene behaviors in the general population and identify factors affecting oral hygiene behaviors and plaque removal efficacy. A survey was distributed to patients through 11 dental practices in Japan, and each patient’s plaque index score (PIS) was recorded. In total, 1184 patients participated (521 women and 660 men), with 84.04% using manual toothbrushes (MTBs) and 15.96% using electric toothbrushes (ETBs). ETB users had a significantly lower PIS compared to MTB users (p = 0.0017). In addition, a statistically significant difference in the PIS was detected in relation to the frequency of brushing per day (≥2 times) and time spent on brushing (≥1 min). Some MTB users spent less than 1 min brushing, while all ETB users spent at least 1 min brushing, and extended brushing periods significantly improved the PIS for the MTB users. MTB users tend to replace brush heads more frequently than ETB users, and the frequency of replacement affected the PIS significantly (p < 0.01) for the MTB users. The status of dental treatment (first visit, in treatment versus recall) also significantly affected the PIS (p < 0.01). The ETB was more effective than the MTB in terms of better plaque removal and reduced frequency of brush head replacement.

Keywords: manual toothbrushes; electric toothbrushes; oral hygiene; questionnaire; plaque index score

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bahammam, S.; Chen, C.-Y.; Ishida, Y.; Hayashi, A.; Ikeda, Y.; Ishii, H.; Kim, D.M.; Nagai, S. Electric and Manual Oral Hygiene Routines Affect Plaque Index Score Differently. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413123

AMA Style

Bahammam S, Chen C-Y, Ishida Y, Hayashi A, Ikeda Y, Ishii H, Kim DM, Nagai S. Electric and Manual Oral Hygiene Routines Affect Plaque Index Score Differently. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):13123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413123

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bahammam, Shaima, Chia-Yu Chen, Yoshiki Ishida, Akito Hayashi, Yutaka Ikeda, Hiroaki Ishii, David M. Kim, and Shigemi Nagai. 2021. "Electric and Manual Oral Hygiene Routines Affect Plaque Index Score Differently" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 13123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413123

APA Style

Bahammam, S., Chen, C.-Y., Ishida, Y., Hayashi, A., Ikeda, Y., Ishii, H., Kim, D. M., & Nagai, S. (2021). Electric and Manual Oral Hygiene Routines Affect Plaque Index Score Differently. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 13123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413123

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Electric and Manual Oral Hygiene Routines Affect Plaque Index Score Differently

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