Effects of Removal Conditions on Mercury Amount Remaining in the Oral Cavity and inside Drainage System after Removing Dental Amalgams
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Tooth Preparation
2.2. Instruments Used in This Stud
2.3. Removal of the Dental Amalgam
2.4. Collecting the Samples and Measurement of Mercury Amount
2.5. Statistics Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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(Factor A) | (Factor B) | (Factor C) | (Factor D) | Oral Rinse Water | System Rinse Water | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Removal Method | Cooling Water | Intraoral Suction | Drainage Systems | Mean (S.D.) [μg/m3] | Mean (S.D.) [μg/m3] | ||
Block system (BLK) | With (WW) | With (WI) | Amalgam separator (AM) | 13,203 | (1990) | 17,251 | (1136) |
Gas–liquid separator (GL) | 25,416 | (2212) | 4031 | (611) | |||
Without (NI) | Amalgam separator (AM) | 10,389 | (2951) | 14,195 | (6078) | ||
Gas–liquid separator (GL) | 22,835 | (10,589) | 4358 | (2632) | |||
Without (NW) | With (WI) | Amalgam separator (AM) | 17,779 | (1937) | 20,802 | (2054) | |
Gas–liquid separator (GL) | 37,784 | (1785) | 12,757 | (1930) | |||
Without (NI) | Amalgam separator (AM) | 8901 | (1482) | 12,764 | (3727) | ||
Gas–liquid separator (GL) | 32,359 | (6351) | 10,589 | (4172) | |||
Fragment system (FRG) | With (WW) | With (WI) | Amalgam separator (AM) | 9525 | (2050) | 11,825 | (1707) |
Gas–liquid separator (GL) | 31,440 | (955) | 8328 | (1162) | |||
Without (NI) | Amalgam separator (AM) | 7280 | (868) | 8344 | (648) | ||
Gas–liquid separator (GL) | 27,902 | (2777) | 8930 | (324) | |||
Without (NW) | With (WI) | Amalgam separator (AM) | 10,242 | (1042) | 8928 | (400) | |
Gas–liquid separator (GL) | 39,525 | (1800) | 11,242 | (755) | |||
Without (NI) | Amalgam separator (AM) | 5204 | (426) | 11,683 | (1273) | ||
Gas–liquid separator (GL) | 24,201 | (1999) | 7504 | (860) |
Factors | Conditions | Mean (S.D.) [μg/m3] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Removal method | Block system (BLK) | 21,083 | (10,648) | NS |
Fragment system (FRG) | 19,415 | (12,210) | |||
B | Cooling water | With (WW) | 18,499 | (9600) | NS |
Without (NW) | 21,999 | (12,867) | |||
C | Intraoral suction | With (WI) | 23,114 | (11,491) | ** |
Without (NI) | 17,384 | (10,742) | |||
D | Drainage systems | Amalgam separator (AM) | 10,316 | (3903) | ** |
Gas–liquid separator (GL) | 30,182 | (7161) |
Factors | Conditions | Mean (S.D.) [μg/m3] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | Removal method | Block system (BLK) | 12,093 | (6151) | ** |
Fragment system (FRG) | 9598 | (1828) | |||
B | Cooling water | With (WW) | 9658 | (4834) | ** |
Without (NW) | 12,034 | (4254) | |||
C | Intraoral suction | With (WI) | 11,896 | (5052) | ** |
Without (NI) | 9796 | (4069) | |||
D | Drainage systems | Amalgam separator (AM) | 13,224 | (4617) | ** |
Gas–liquid separator (GL) | 8467 | (3415) |
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Ishida, Y.; Aoki, H.; Miyasaka, T.; Aoyagi, Y.; Miura, D.; Shinya, A. Effects of Removal Conditions on Mercury Amount Remaining in the Oral Cavity and inside Drainage System after Removing Dental Amalgams. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 13135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413135
Ishida Y, Aoki H, Miyasaka T, Aoyagi Y, Miura D, Shinya A. Effects of Removal Conditions on Mercury Amount Remaining in the Oral Cavity and inside Drainage System after Removing Dental Amalgams. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(24):13135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413135
Chicago/Turabian StyleIshida, Yoshiki, Harumi Aoki, Taira Miyasaka, Yusuke Aoyagi, Daisuke Miura, and Akikazu Shinya. 2021. "Effects of Removal Conditions on Mercury Amount Remaining in the Oral Cavity and inside Drainage System after Removing Dental Amalgams" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 24: 13135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413135