The Direct and Indirect Relationships of Environmental, Interpersonal and Personal Factors with High School Students Physical Activity: An Ecological Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Procedure
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measurements
2.3.1. Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity
2.3.2. Environmental Factors
2.3.3. Interpersonal Factors
2.3.4. Personal Factors
2.3.5. Socio-Demographic Factors
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Prediction of Meeting Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Recommendations from Factors within the Ecological Model
3.2. Examination of Moderation Effect
3.3. Examination of Mediation Effect
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study Variables | Descriptives | Univariate Logistic Regression | Multivariate Logistic Regression | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD or % | OR [95% CI] | Nagelkerke R2 | OR [95% CI] | Nagelkerke R2 | |
MVPA h/week | 3.81 ± 2.73 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
MVPA (achieve ≥ 7 h/week) | 16.3 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Environmental | |||||
Neighborhood PA resources (high) | 81.8 | 1.84 [1.13–2.99] * | 0.03 | 1.74 [0.87–3.44] | 0.16 |
Neighborhood safety (high) | 76.5 | 1.54 [1.02–2.34] * | 1.71 [0.98–2.98] | ||
Interpersonal | |||||
Social network (range 0–25) | 6.15 ± 5.15 | 1.05 [1.01–1.09] * | 0.05 | 1.03 [0.99–1.07] | |
Social participation (range 0–46) | 9.01 ± 9.02 | 1.04 [1.02–1.06] ** | 1.03 [1.01–1.05] ** | ||
Family SC (range 1–5) | 4.07 ± (0.96 | 1.06 [1.01–1.11] * | 1.04 [0.98–1.09] | ||
Neighborhood SC (range 1–5) | 3.75 ± 1.08 | 1.07 [0.95–1.21] | 0.98 [0.86–1.12] | ||
School/peers SC (range 1–5) | 3.59 ± 0.93 | 0.97 [0.91–1.02] | 0.96 [0.90–1.01] | ||
Personal | |||||
RAI (range 15–20) | 7.28 ± 6.74 | 1.12 [1.08–1.15] ** | 0.09 | 1.11 [1.06–1.15] ** | |
Sociodemographic | |||||
Gender (male) | 42.2 | 1.77 [1.28–2.44] ** | 0.004 | 1.71 [1.13–2.57] * | |
Age (range 14–18) | 16.14 ± 1.22 | 1.12 [0.97–1.27] | 1.14 [0.96–1.33] | ||
Mother’ education (at least college) | 59.6 | 1.05 [0.71–1.54] | 0.92 [0.56–1.51] | ||
Fathers’ education (at least college) | 46.9 | 1.19 [0.82–1.72] | 1.20 [0.75–1.91] | ||
Place of living (rural) | 38.9 | 1.00 [0.71–1.40] | 1.08 [0.69–1.67] |
Pathways from: | Effect | Pathway to RAI | Pathway to MVPA via RAI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | ||
Social Participation | Direct effect | 2.02 | [1.600–2.450] *** | 0.04 | [0.004–0.074] * |
Indirect effect | 0.01 | [0.005–0.022] | |||
CSIE | 0.03 | [0.010–0.041] | |||
Social Network | Direct effect | 1.30 | [0.923–1.668] *** | 0.05 | [0.026–0.063] *** |
Indirect effect | 0.01 | [0.001–0.009] | |||
CSIE | 0.02 | [0.002–0.031] | |||
Family Social Capital | Direct effect | 1.48 | [1.046–1.920] *** | 0.10 | [−0.097–0.293] |
Indirect effect | 0.20 | [0.138–0.282] | |||
CSIE | 0.07 | [0.048–0.096] | |||
Neighborhood Social Capital | Direct effect | 0.14 | [0.610–0.221] *** | 0.07 | [−0.096–0.235] |
Indirect effect | 0.13 | [0.081–0.182] | |||
CSIE | 0.05 | [0.032–0.071] | |||
School and Peers Social Capital | Direct effect | 0.05 | [0.006–0.094] * | 0.09 | [−0.105–0.281] |
Indirect effect | 0.15 | [0.090–0.214] | |||
CSIE | 0.05 | [0.030–0.071] |
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Mieziene, B.; Emeljanovas, A.; Tilindiene, I.; Tumynaite, L.; Trinkuniene, L.; Kawachi, I. The Direct and Indirect Relationships of Environmental, Interpersonal and Personal Factors with High School Students Physical Activity: An Ecological Approach. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030874
Mieziene B, Emeljanovas A, Tilindiene I, Tumynaite L, Trinkuniene L, Kawachi I. The Direct and Indirect Relationships of Environmental, Interpersonal and Personal Factors with High School Students Physical Activity: An Ecological Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(3):874. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030874
Chicago/Turabian StyleMieziene, Brigita, Arunas Emeljanovas, Ilona Tilindiene, Laura Tumynaite, Laima Trinkuniene, and Ichiro Kawachi. 2021. "The Direct and Indirect Relationships of Environmental, Interpersonal and Personal Factors with High School Students Physical Activity: An Ecological Approach" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030874