Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Service Availability and Delivery in Public Health Facilities of Plateau State Nigeria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Setting and Sampling
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Overall Adolescent Friendliness of SRH Services
3.2. Availability of ASRH Space and Equipment
3.3. Availability of ASRH Services
3.4. Accessibility of ASRH Facilities and Services
3.5. Appropriateness of ASRH Services
3.6. Quality of ASRH Services
4. Discussion
Strength and Limitations
5. Conclusions
6. Recommendation
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Ahmed, Z.D.; Ibrahim, B.S.; Abolaji, M.L.; Mohammed, Y.; Nguku, P. Knowledge and utilization of contraceptive devices among unmarried undergraduate students of a tertiary institution in Kano State, Nigeria 2016. Pan Afr. Med. J. 2017, 26, 103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ajide, K.; Balogun, F. Knowledge of HIV and Intention to Engage in Risky Sexual Behaviour and Practices among Senior School Adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Arch. Basic Appl. Med. 2018, 6, 3–8. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Onyeka, I.N.; Miettola, J.; Ilika, A.L.; Vaskilampi, T. Unintended pregnancy and termination of studies among students in Anambra state, Nigeria: Are secondary schools playing their part? Afr. J. Reprod. Health 2011, 15, 109. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Aboki, H.; Folayan, M.O.; Daniel, U.; Ogunlayi, M. Changes in Sexual Risk Behaviour among Adolescents: Is the HIV Prevention Programme in Nigeria Yielding Results? Afr. J. Reprod. Health 2014, 18, 109–117. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Nwabueze, S.A.; Azuike, E.C.; Ezenyeaku, C.A.; Aniagboso, C.C.; Azuike, E.D.; Iloghalu, I.C.; Ebulue, C.C.; Epundu, U.U.; Nwone, O.F. Perception of Sexually Transmitted Infection-Preventive Measures among Senior Secondary School Students in Nnewi-North Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. Open J. Prev. Med. 2014, 4, 708–716. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hindin, M.J.; Fatusi, A.O. Adolescent sexual and reproductive health in developing countries: An overview of trends and inter-ventions. Int. Perspect. Sex. Reprod. Health 2009, 35, 58–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jonas, K.; Crutzen, R.; Borne, B.V.D.; Sewpaul, R.; Reddy, P. Teenage pregnancy rates and associations with other health risk behaviours: A three-wave cross-sectional study among South African school-going adolescents. Reprod. Health 2016, 13, 1–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ssebunya, R.; Matovu, J.K.B.; Makumbi, F.; Kisitu, G.; Maganda, A.; Kekitiinwa, A. Factors associated with prior engagement in high-risk sexual behaviours among adolescents (10–19 years) in a pastoralist post-conflict community, Karamoja sub-region, North eastern Uganda. BMC Public Health 2019, 19, 1–11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kassa, G.M.; Arowojolu, A.O.; Odukogbe, A.A.; Yalew, A.W. Prevalence and determinants of adolescent pregnancy in Africa: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Reprod. Health 2018, 15, 195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Afolaranmi, T.O.; Hassan, Z.I.; Akinyemi, O.O.; Oluwakayode, A.J.; Oluchukwu, U.C.; Rotimi, A.P.; Chingle, M.P. Adolescent Pregnan-cy: An Assessment of a Rural Community in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. Int. J. Biomed. Res. 2017, 8, 344–348. [Google Scholar]
- Aderibigbe, S.A.; Araoye, M.O.; Akande, T.M.; Monehin, J.O.; Musa, O.I.; Babatunde, O.A. Teenage Pregnancy and Prevalence of Abortion among In-school Adolescents in North Central, Nigeria. Asian Soc. Sci. 2010, 7, 122. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mmari, K.N.; Oseni, O.; Fatusi, A.O. STI Treatment-Seeking Behaviours among Youth in Nigeria: Are There Gender Differences. Int. Perspect. Sex. Reprod. Health 2010, 36, 72–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Munakampe, M.N.; Zulu, J.M.; Michelo, C. Contraception and abortion knowledge, attitudes and practices among adolescents from low and middle-income countries: A systematic review. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2018, 18, 1–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Aliyu, A.; Dahiru, T.; Ladan, M.A.; Shehu, A.; Oyefabi, A.; Yahaya, S.; Abubakar, A. Knowledge, Sources of information, and Risk Factors for Sexually Transmitted Infections among Secondary School Youth in Zaria, Northern Nigeria. J. Med. Trop. 2013, 15, 102. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bankole, A.; Adewole, I.F.; Hussain, R.; Awolude, O.; Singh, S.; Akinyemi, J.O. The Incidence of Abortion in Nigeria. Int. Perspect. Sex. Reprod. Health 2015, 41, 170–181. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- NAIDS. HIV Prevention among Adolescent Girls and Young Women. 2016. Available online: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_HIV_prevention_among_adolescent_girls_and_young_women.pdf (accessed on 17 July 2019).
- Hidayana, I.M.; Noor, I.R.; Benedicta, G.D.; Prahara, H.; Zahro, F.A.; Kartikawati, R.; Hana, F.; Pebriansyah Kok, M.C. Factors Influenc-ing Child Marriage, Teenage Pregnancy and Female Genital Mutilation/Circumcision in Lombok Barat and Sukabumi Dis-tricts, Indonesia. Res. Yes I Do Programme 2016. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tayo, A.; Akinola, O.; Babatunde, A.; Adewunmi, A.; Osinusi, D.; Shittu, L. Contraceptive knowledge and usage amongst female secondary school students in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria. J. Public Health Epidemiol. 2011, 3, 34–37. [Google Scholar]
- Ayuba, I.I.; Gani, O. Outcome of Teenage Pregnancy in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Ethiop. J. Health Sci. 2012, 22, 45–50. [Google Scholar]
- World Health Organization (WHO). Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health. Available online: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/maternal/adolescent_pregnancy/en/ (accessed on 14 April 2016).
- Schwandt, H.M.; Speizer, I.S.; Corroon, M. Contraceptive service provider imposed restrictions to contraceptive access in Urban Nigeria. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2017, 17, 278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Odo, A.N.; Samuel, E.S.; Nwagu, E.N.; Nnamani, P.O.; Atama, C.S. Sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) for adolescents in Enugu state, Nigeria: A mixed methods approach. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2018, 18, 92. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Durowade, K.A.; Babatunde, O.A.; Omokanye, L.O.; Elegbede, O.E.; Ayodele, L.M.; Adewoye, K.R.; Adetokunbo, S.; Olomofe, C.O.; Fawole, A.A.; Adebola, O.E.; et al. Early sexual debut: Prevalence and risk factors among secondary school students in Ido-ekiti, Ekiti state, South-West Nigeria. Afr. Health Sci. 2017, 17, 614–622. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Federal Ministry of Health (Nigeria). National Strategic Framework on the Health & Development of Adolescents & Young People in Nigeria; Federal Ministry of Health: Abuja, Nigeria, 2011. [Google Scholar]
- Envuladu, E.A.; Van de Kwaak, A.; Zwanikken, P.; Zoakah, A.I. Exploring the Factors Influencing Adolescent Sexual Behavior in Plateau State Nigeria. Am. J. Med. Med. Sci. 2017, 7, 1–6. [Google Scholar]
- World Health Organization (WHO). Global Standards for Quality Health-Care Services for Adolescents: A Guide to Implement a Standard—Driven Approach to Improve the Quality of Health Care Services for Adolescents; World health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Nigeria Galleria. Plateau State of Nigeria. Nigeria Information & Guide. Galleria Media Limited. 2017. Available online: https://www.nigeriagalleria.com (accessed on 16 January 2021).
- Cochran, W.G. Sampling Techniques, 3rd ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, USA, 1977. [Google Scholar]
- Sreekumar, S.; Ramakrishnan, J.; Harisankar, D.; Mannethodi, K. Felt needs and expectations of adolescents regarding sexual and reproductive health from schools and health systems: A descriptive study. Indian J. Sex. Transm. Dis. Aids 2019, 40, 30–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- World Health Organization (WHO). Global Health Estimates (GHE); WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Baseline Report YES I DO. 2016. Available online: https://www.kit.nl/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Baseline-report-Indonesia-Yes-I-Do.pdf (accessed on 11 November 2019).
- James, S.; Pisa, P.T.; Imrie, J.; Beery, M.P.; Martin, C.; Skosana, C.; Delany-Moretlwe, S. Assessment of adolescent and youth friendly services in primary healthcare facilities in two provinces in South Africa. BMC Health Serv. Res. 2018, 18, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Mmari, K.N.; Magnani, R.J. Does making clinic-based reproductive health services more youth-friendly increase service use by adolescents? Evidence from Lusaka, Zambia. J. Adolesc. Health 2003, 33, 259–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Birhanu, Z.; Tushune, K.; Jebena, M.G. Sexual and reproductive health services use, perceptions, and barriers among young people in southwest Oromia, Ethiopia. Ethiop. J. Health Sci. 2018, 28, 37–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kyilleh, J.M.; Tabong, P.T.-N.; Konlaan, B.B. Adolescents’ reproductive health knowledge, choices and factors affecting reproductive health choices: A qualitative study in the West Gonja District in Northern region, Ghana. BMC Int. Health Hum. Rights 2018, 18, 6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Stanzel, K.A. Outreach youth health service in school setting: A retrospective case study. Aust. J. Prim. Health 2016, 22, 185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Copen, C.E.; Dittus, P.J.; Leichliter, J.S. Confidentiality Concerns and Sexual and Reproductive Health Care among Adolescents and Young Adults Aged 15–25; US Department of Health and Human Services: Washington, DC, USA, 2016; pp. 1–8. [Google Scholar]
- Subedi, R.; Jahan, I.; Baatsen, P. Factors Influencing Modern Contraceptive Use among Adolescents in Nepal. J. Nepal Health Res. Counc. 2018, 16, 251–256. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
Domains of Adolescent Friendly Sexual and Reproductive Health Services | Senatorial Zone | χ2 | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northern | Central | Southern | |||
Availability of structure for ASRH | 7.6% | 5.4% | 10.1% | 1.652 | 0.44 |
Availability of services for ASRH | 17.8% | 13.5% | 22.8% | 2.218 | 0.33 |
Accessibility of ASRH services | 45.5% | 50% | 55.3% | 0.808 | 0.67 |
Appropriateness of ASRH services | 10.2% | 6.5% | 13% | 1.800 | 0.41 |
Quality of ASRH services | 25.3% | 22.6% | 28.2% | 0.500 | 0.78 |
Overall | 21.3% | 19.6% | 25.9% | 0.925 | 0.63 |
Senatorial Zone | χ2 | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northern | Central | Southern | |||
Space for ASRH | 1.5% | 1.1% | 1.4% | 0.071 | 0.97 |
Counselling area | 7.6% | 5.4% | 16.9% | 6.541 | 0.04 |
Examination room | 16.7% | 5.4% | 15.5% | 6.261 | 0.05 |
Waiting room | 4.5% | 1.1% | 0% | 4.623 | 0.10 |
Equipment | 7.6% | 14% | 14.1% | 1.740 | 0.40 |
Senatorial Zone | χ2 | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northern | Central | Southern | |||
Counselling on sexuality | 12.1% | 7.5% | 15.5% | 2.621 | 0.27 |
Counselling on Contraception | 10.6% | 7.5% | 16.9% | 3.546 | 0.17 |
Counselling on STI | 16.7% | 14% | 26.8% | 4.518 | 0.10 |
Counselling on safe sex | 18.2% | 9.7% | 25.4% | 7.132 | 0.03 |
Counselling on GBV | 6.1% | 6.5% | 11.3% | 1.654 | 0.43 |
Management of GBV | 1.5% | 2.2% | 6% | 2.355 | 0.30 |
Counselling on VCT | 62.1% | 55.9% | 52.1% | 1.709 | 0.49 |
Post abortion care | 7.6% | 2.2% | 15.5% | 10.642 | 0.01 |
Senatorial Zone | χ2 | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northern | Central | Southern | |||
* Distance from main road # | 40.9% | 39.8% | 47.9% | 1.289 | 0.55 |
Distance from where adolescents gather | 56.1% | 67.7% | 63.4% | 2.538 | 0.32 |
Distance from school to locality | 54.5% | 67.7% | 64.8% | 2.710 | 0.22 |
* Convenient opening/closing hours | 30.3% | 24.7% | 45.1% | 7.724 | 0.02 |
Senatorial Zone | χ2 | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northern | Central | Southern | |||
Specific clinic hours for adolescents | 4.5% | 5.4% | 2.8% | 0.645 | 0.73 |
Availability of posters Yes | 1.5% | 3.2% | 2.8% | 0.443 | 0.79 |
Dedicated Peer education staff Available | 1.5% | 1.1% | 9.9% | 9.603 | 0.01 |
Organized Outreach services Yes | 3% | 0% | 2.8% | 2.797 | 0.25 |
Services offered without parental consent Yes | 47% | 29% | 45.1% | 6.388 | 0.03 |
Guideline for ASRH Present | 0% | 0% | 0% | n/a | n/a |
Staff trained on ASRH Trained staff | 7.6% | 5.4% | 8.5% | 0.655 | 0.73 |
Referrals made Yes | 68.2% | 62.4% | 76.1% | 3.483 | 0.18 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Envuladu, E.A.; Massar, K.; de Wit, J. Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Service Availability and Delivery in Public Health Facilities of Plateau State Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041369
Envuladu EA, Massar K, de Wit J. Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Service Availability and Delivery in Public Health Facilities of Plateau State Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):1369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041369
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnvuladu, Esther Awazzi, Karlijn Massar, and John de Wit. 2021. "Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Service Availability and Delivery in Public Health Facilities of Plateau State Nigeria" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041369